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One of the important developments in the field of neutrino astrophysics is a search for ultrahigh-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos (even above PeV–EeV energies), which are believed to be produced by reactions of UHE cosmic rays composed of protons and nuclei. These neutrinos can be detected with neutrino telescopes, such as IceCube, ANTARES, Baikal-GVD, and KM3NeT, and are expected to provide...
The TRISTAN project is the upgrade of the KATRIN experiment that aims at searching for sterile neutrino with mass in the keV range through precise measurements of the entire Tritium $\beta$-spectrum.
In order to achieve this goal, the current KATRIN detector must be replaced with a multipixel detector based on Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs). SDDs, with their excellent energy resolution and...
The high-energy physics is experiencing an interesting twist of events as some basic principles related to cosmic-rays and atmospheric production of cascading earthbound particles appear becoming more mainstream, at least in other sciences. We offer a few examples to support the point. First, the corresponding author of this work is a geologist by education and yet in the process to cross the...
During the past decades experiments using liquid xenon as a detector material have grown rapidly in the fields of dark matter and neutrino searches. During the scale up of such detectors there is a big push to move the electronics closer to the detectors which are submerged in cryogenic noble gases. One such example is the development of ASICs operating in liquid xenon for the amplification...
The ANAIS-112 experiment is intended to test the observation of an annual modulation signal by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment using 112.5 kg of NaI(Tl) detectors operated in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (Spain). Data taking is going on since August, 2017 and annual modulation results from the analysis of three years of data have been presented, being compatible with the absence of...
Some simple arguments are introduced for a possible explanation of the behaviour of the lateral shower age of proton-initiated showers. The corresponding analytical treatment based on the proposed argument is then illustrated. Using the Monte Carlo simulation code CORSIKA, we have validated how the different characteristics associated with the lateral shower age predicted in the present...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a neutrino medium baseline experiment under construction in southern China, expecting to begin data taking in 2023. The experiment has been proposed with the main goals of determining the neutrino mass ordering and measure three oscillation parameters with sub-percent precision. To reach these goals, JUNO is located about 53 km from two...
We study neutrino flux evolution in an extreme astrophysical environment peculiar to supernovae accounting for the collective effects and effects of an arbitrarily moving and polarized media and a strong magnetic field. The effect of the transversally moving matter on the flavour and spin-flavour oscillations in a magnetic field was considered in [1-3]. In the present paper we further develop...
We perform a three-dimensional self-consistent core-collapse supernova simulation using a binary evolution progenitor model of SN 1987A by Urushibara et al. (2018). This progenitor model is based on a slow-merger of 14 and 9 solar-mass stars and it satisfies most of the observational constraints such as red-to-blue evolution, lifetime, total mass and position in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram...
The CRESST experiment searches for dark matter induced nuclear recoils inside $\rm CaWO_4$ based cryogenic calorimeters at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy. To reliably identify a potential signal, a precise understanding of its background budget is crucial.
A potentially important background category are “cosmogenics”: radionuclides produced via interactions with...
The current experimentally measured parameters of the Standard Model (SM) suggest that our Universe lies in a metastable electroweak vacuum, where the Higgs field is prone to vacuum decay to a lower state with catastrophic consequences. Our measurements dictate that such an event has not taken place yet, despite the many different mechanisms that could have triggered it in our past light-cone....
In this work, we investigate the cosmological application of modified Chaplygin gas
(MCG) interacting with pressureless dark matter (DM) in the f(T) modified gravity
framework, where T is the torsion scalar in teleparallelism. The interaction term has
been chosen proportional to the MCG density with positive coupling constant. In the
Einstein general relativity (GR) framework, the interacting...
Axion-like particles (ALPs) are undiscovered pseudo-scalar particles that are candidates for ultralight dark matter. ALPs interact with photons slightly and cause the rotational oscillation of linearly polarized light. DANCE searches for ALP dark matter by amplifying the rotational oscillation with a bow-tie ring cavity.
The sensitivity of the current prototype experiment DANCE Act-1 is...
We test the influence of the detailed description of the electronic structure in crystalline silicon and germanium on the resulting calculated response of the electrons to general dark matter interactions.
We show that if the dark matter interaction energy reaches a threshold of about 30 eV, electron excitations from tightly-bound germanium 3$d$ states become important and since these...
JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses
20kton liquid scintillator as a target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of
large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova
neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be
detected by JUNO via...
Radon contamination in water causes serious background for low energy physics in Super-Kamiokande experiment, especially, search for distortions of the solar neutrino energy spectrum induced by the MSW effect.
Continuous monitoring of radon concentration in water with < 1 mBq/m3 level is indispensable to reveal remaining source of radon including its time evolution and lower energy threshold...
Density inhomogeneities can be generated very early in the universe. They are one of the reasons for all the large-scale structures in the early universe. Density inhomogeneities play an important role in nucleosynthesis calculations and affect the phase transition dynamics. These inhomogeneities decay by particle diffusion in the early universe. We have studied the decay starting from the...
We study the effects of nonzero Dirac and Majorana CP-violating phases in neutrino oscillations in a magnetic field of astrophysical environments. It is shown that in the presence of strong magnetic fields and dense matter, nonzero CP phases can induce new resonances, particularly in the oscillations channels $\nu_e \leftrightarrow \bar{\nu}_e$, $\nu_e \leftrightarrow \bar{\nu}_\mu$ and $\nu_e...
Energy Response Model for JUNO Experiment
Miao Yu, on behalf of JUNO collaboration
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment with 20000 ton liquid scintillator (LS) detector under civil construction. The primary physics goal for JUNO is to determine the neutrino mass ordering by precisely measuring the fine oscillation pattern of reactor...
The Hyper-Kamiokande experiment is planned to start in 2027 aiming for precise measurement of neutrino oscillation using J-PARC neutrino beam including the search for CP violation. Hyper-Kamiokande detector is a 260 kiloton water Cherenkov detector and has large statical power, requiring systematic uncertainty at the 1% level or less on neutrino oscillation measurements. For this purpose, a...
Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) is a next generation multi-purpose neutrino and nucleon-decay experiment scheduled to begin operation in 2027. The experimental setup of HK will consist of the neutrino beam line and a suite of near detectors at J-PARC, and a far detector of the same name, HK. The far detector HK, filled with 260 kton of pure water is able to detect a Cherenkov light from the relativistic...
We have proposed the possibility of a cost-efficient way to improve the detector performance for water Cherenkov detectors, by reflecting the usually lost light falling between photo-detectors onto the other side of the tank with retro-reflectors. Using a detector simulation based on optical measurements of retro-reflectors, we developed a convolutional neural network based reconstruction...
A measurement of the transmission coefficient for neutrons through a thick (~3 atoms/b) liquid natural argon target in the energy range 30-70 keV was performed by the Argon Resonance Transmission Interaction Experiment (ARTIE) using a time of flight neutron beam at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
In this energy range theory predicts an anti-resonance in the $^{40}$Ar cross section near 57 keV,...
Neutrons are one of the main sources of experimental background in underground laboratories. A good knowledge of their spectral distribution is required in order to assess the effect on low counting rate experiments in astrophysics, dark matter and neutrino research. The High Efficiency Neutron-Spectrometry Array (HENSA) has been developed in order to achieve the characterization of the...
We report on a search for non-Newtonian forces that couple to mass, with a characteristic scale of ${\sim}10~\mu$m, using an optically levitated microsphere as a precision force sensor. A silica microsphere trapped in an upward-propagating, single-beam, optical tweezer is utilized to probe for interactions sourced from a nanofabricated attractor mass with a density modulation brought into...
The question of whether the neutrino is identical to its anti-particle, i.e., a Majorana particle, is one of the most fundamental challenges in particle physics. This basic property is connected to the origin of the neutrino mass and could help explain the predominance of matter over antimatter in our Universe. Neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay - a so-far unobserved radioactive...
Borexino is a liquid scintillator detector situated underground in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. Its physics program evolves around the study of solar and geo-neutrinos. By now, Borexino has measured neutrinos from the fusion processes in the pp chain and CNO cycle. Especially for the detection of pep and CNO neutrinos, an important background is formed by the cosmogenic...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer detector at the geographic South Pole searching for astrophysical neutrinos. A realtime analysis framework is implemented for multi-messenger time-domain astronomy. When the data acquisition system identifies candidate neutrinos of astrophysical origin, an alert is sent to the multi-messenger community for rapid follow-up observations. The...
The study aims to reconstruct the scalar field model of Dark Energy (DE) namely tachyon, k-essence and dilation scalar field models of DE through holographic dark fluid under Chern-Simon's Modified Gravity. $\Lambda$CDM fixed point is attained in case of tachyon scalar field model under this cosmological settings $[1-8]$. Some constraints have been derived on the interaction term as Tsallis...
We present here the model dependent and independent sensitivity studies for NaI detectors designed to test the DAMA result and compare the predicted limits from SABRE with the present performance of both COSINE and ANAIS. We find that the strongest discovery and exclusion limits are set by a detector with the lowest background (assuming equal run times), and also note that our method correctly...
Despite overwhelming astrophysical evidence for the existence of Dark Matter and intense efforts towards its detection, no clear signal has been found so far. Nonetheless, monumental advancements have been made in the field which allowed to put significant constraints on the parameter space for possible particle candidates. For this reason, various statistical methods have been employed and...
SK-Gd experiment has been started with gadolinium (Gd) added to ultra-pure water in Super-Kamiokande. SK-Gd dramatically improves the sensitivity to supernova relic neutrino searches by tagging neutrons. Cosmic-ray muons flying into Super-Kamiokande induce hadronic showers. Those break oxygen nuclei in water and produce unstable radioactive isotopes and neutrons, which are major background...
The next generation helioscopes BabyIAXO and IAXO will search for evidence of axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) produced in the center of the Sun. In the helioscope a strong magnetic field would convert ALPs via the generic ALP-photon coupling into photons. A very promising candidate for the focal plane X-ray detectors are low temperature metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs). Combining...
The ‘Migdal effect’ is an atomic physics effect that leads to the emission of a bound-state electron from atomic or molecular systems when the atomic nucleus is suddenly perturbed. This effect has been used by several experimental collaborations to extend the sensitivity of dark matter direct experiments to sub-GeV mass dark matter candidates. The MIGDAL (Migdal In Galactic Dark mAtter...
One of the elements that was synthesized primordially in the standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis is Lithium. Lithium, being fragile gets easily destroyed at relatively low temperatures in the mixing process between stellar surface and hot internal layers. So that, at the end of the stellar lifetime the lithium content is believed to be depleted. Series of experimental measurements on lithium...
In the constrained sequential dominance (CSD), tri-bimaximal mixing (TBM) pattern in the neutrino sector has been explained, by proposing a certain Yukawa coupling structure for the right-handed neutrinos of the model. However, from the current experimental data it is known that the values of neutrino mixing angles are deviated from the TBM values. In order to explain this neutrino mixing, we...
In this talk I will discuss how large volume detectors can be used to search for new physics generated via up-scattering within the Earth itself. The production of new particles can be sourced by dark matter, neutrinos, or any other particle capable of penetrating into the Earth's surface. I will focus on neutrino portals and their prospects at experiments such as Super-Kamiokande, Borexino...
CUPID-Mo, located at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane, in France was a demonstrator for CUPID, a next generation search for $0 \nu \beta \beta$ in $^{100}$Mo. It consisted of an array of 20 Li$_2$MoO$_4$ bolometers and 20 Ge light detectors for particle ID. It has demonstrated excellent crystal radio-purity ($^{238}$U/$ ^{232}$Th chains $0.3 - 1$ $\mathrm{\mu Bq/kg}$ for relevant...
nEXO is a future 5-tonne scale Liquid Xenon experiment looking for neutrino-less double beta decay of isotope Xe-136. To attain the projected half-life sensitivity of ~10^28 years, at least 1% of energy resolution is required at the Q-value (Qββ = 2.458 MeV) of the decay.
nEXO has planned to employ Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) along the barrel of the cylindrical Time Projection Chamber...
The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) Collaboration is developing a novel detection technique aimed at detecting low-mass (0.7-7 GeV/$c^2$) WIMP interactions and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) of reactor neutrinos. Using a target volume composed of superheated argon with xenon doping, the nucleation signal from electron recoils (the limiting factor for low-threshold...
The CALIPSO project deals with the development and optimization of low temperature (~10 mK) solid state detectors. The goal of the project is to propose new strategies for improving the time resolution of cryogenic scintillating calorimeters, read with NTD thermistors. We will test new NTD-detector coupling techniques and optimize the NTD operation to make the response faster. In parallel, we...
Hyper-Kamiokande is the next generation water Cherenkov detector for the study of neutrino oscillations including the search for leptonic CP violation using high intensity neutrino beam produced in J-PARC. In order to reduce the systematic uncertainty of the CP violation measurement, a 1kton scale Intermediate water Cherenkov detector (IWCD) is planned to be constructed around 1km downstream...
Unified theories such as string theory suggests spontaneous Lorentz Invariance Violation(LIV) by introducing a new spacetime structure at the Planck Scale ($m_p \sim 10^{19}$ GeV). This effect can be observed at low energies with strength of $\sim 1/m_p$ using perturbative approach. In the Minimal Standard Model Extension (SME) framework, the neutrino mass-induced flavor oscillation gets...
The lateral density distributions (LDD) of inclined cosmic ray air shower are asymmetric and the corresponding iso-density contours are of increasing eccentric ellipses with zenith angles of different showers. The polar asymmetry of the iso-density contours introduces a significant shift of the EAS core, which is quantitatively expressed as a gap length (GL) parameter between the EAS core and...
Here we report the current sensitivity of the large proportional counter to a $^{124}$Xe 2$\nu$ECEC filled with xenon gas up to 5 atm. One of the main procedures for detecting ECEC decays of $^{124}$Xe in an experiment using a gas target is identifying three charge ionization clusters released during the absorption of two X-ray quanta and Auger electrons from a daughter atom. The developed new...
KamLAND-Zen is a liquid scintillator detector searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of Xenon-136. Recently, KamLAND-Zen set world-leading limits on this elusive process. One of the primary challenges of this search is the rejection of backgrounds from radioactive isotopes introduced by cosmic-ray spallation. We developed a state-of-the-art neural network classifier, called KamNet, to...
The COSINUS experiment aims for probing the nature of the long-standing annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration. After successful years of detector prototyping, the construction of a dedicated experimental facility will start this year in Hall B of the LNGS underground laboratory. At the heart of the setup, NaI crystals – the same material as used in DAMA/LIBRA – will...
It is believed that the running (for instance, COHERENT) and forthcoming terrestrial neutrino experiments will be sensitive to the neutrino charge radius [1] that is one of the neutrino fundamental electromagnetic characteristics [2] predicted [3] to be non-zero even in the Standard Model. In this work we continue our studies [4] on neutrino oscillations accounting for diagonal and...
CYGNO is developing a gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC), which will be hosted at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, and will rely on a triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) stack for charge multiplication and electroluminescence (EL) production. The EL will be collected with a high resolution scientific camera for particle identification and 2D track reconstruction, with the aim of...
The observation of neutrinos from SN1987A had improved our understanding of
the mechanism of the supernova explosion and neutrino properties. Now, several state-of-the-art neutrino detectors are running. There is a chance to reveal the explosion mechanism and neutrino properties in more details. In this study, we search for neutrino events from supernovae with KamLAND, which is a 1kt liquid...
The in-situ production of long-lived isotopes by cosmic muon interactions may generate a non-negligible background for the search for rare events in the deep subsurface, defining a minimum depth requirement. Monte Carlo studies for a GERDA-like experiment at LNGS-depth identified the delayed decay of $^{77(\mathrm{m})}$Ge as the dominant in-situ cosmogenic background in the search for the...
Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS) is a novel technique to look for new physics beyond the Standard Model. We study the prospects of probing a transition magnetic moment in CE$\nu$NS experiments, and the potential to shed light on the Dirac vs Majorana nature of neutrinos. We show the NUCLEUS experiment as an example, and demonstrate that properties of a potential sterile...
The number of the objectives of the TAIGA Astrophysical complex includes the study of the flux of charged cosmic rays and diffuse gamma rays with energies above 100 TeV. This complex is located in the Tunka Valley, about 50 km from Lake Baikal at the site of the Tunka-133 Cherenkov facility. TAIGA includes the TAIGA-HiSCORE wide-angle Cherenkov array, the network of Imaging Atmospheric...
Americium-Beryllium (AmBe) is a typical source to be use for a calibration of neutron detection efficiency in underground astroparticle experiments. It has been considered to emit a neutron and 4.4 MeV gamma ray simultaneously, which allows us to select events with a neutron by tagging the 4.4 MeV gamma-ray signal. This time, we focus on the higher energy component around 5-10 MeV in a...
