CPAN Network on Instrumentation and Detectors (CNID)
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
The inaugural workshop of the CPAN Network on Instrumentation and Detectors aims to bring together the Spanish scientific community within the CPAN consortium (National Center for Particle, Astroparticle and Nuclear Physics) to jointly explore the current state and future prospects of research and development in the field of detectors and instruments.
The CNID will act as a discussion forum to streamline the Spanish contribution to the different existing international collaborations in detector R&D among the different CPAN communities, in particular, the DRD collaborations, hosted by CERN, which implement the mandate of the European Particle Physics Strategy in relation to the detector R&D strategic program for future experiments.
This workshop is a consequence of the two previous preparatory meetings held in Barcelona and Santander:
Proposal for a network on Instrumentation and Detectors, XV CPAN Days, October 2023, Santander.
https://indico.cern.ch/event/1283224/contributions/5612901/
Instrumentation for the future of particle, nuclear and astroparticle physics and medical applications in Spain, March 2023, Barcelona.
https://indico.cern.ch/event/1220045/
ZOOM: https://uv-es.zoom.us/j/92104522335?pwd=QVorajRpQ1lxQzdRdG5JYjdLaDUvdz09
Sponsors
| Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear | www.i-cpan.es | ||
| Instituto de Física Corpuscular | |||
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www.ifca.es |
The CPAN workshop on detectors and instrumentation has received financial support from the MCIU with funding from the European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I01) and Generalitat Valenciana (GVANEXT). Proj. ASFAE COORD.
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- Adrian Irles
- Agustín Sánchez Losa
- Alberto López Guillén
- Alberto Pérez de Rada Fiol
- Alberto Valero
- Alejandro Algora
- Alejandro Pérez Aguilera
- Antonio Cervelló Duato
- Ariel Tarifeño-Saldivia
- Begoña Quintana Arnés
- Carlos Lacasta
- Carlos Mariñas
- Carmen Garcia
- Celeste Fleta
- Cesar Domingo-Pardo
- Christophe Rappold
- Clara Lasaosa García
- Cristina Cabo
- Cristobal Padilla
- Diana Navas Nicolás
- Diego Real Mañez
- Dolores Cortina Gil
- Enrique Nacher
- Fernando Arteche
- Gabriela Llosá
- Gala González Briz
- Gallas Torreira Abraham Antonio
- giulio pellegrini
- Gloria Luzon
- Ignacio Redondo Fernandez
- Inés Gil Botella
- Ivan Vila Alvarez
- Jaime Ruz
- Javier Balibrea Correa
- Javier Prado Pico
- Javier Sastre
- Jordi Capó
- Jordi Duarte-Campderros
- Jorge Berenguer Antequera
- Jose Mazorra de Cos
- Juan Abel Barrio
- Justo Martin-Albo
- Laura Moliner
- Lluïsa-Maria Mir
- Luca Fiorini
- Luciano Romero Barajas
- Luis Luis
- Luis Mario Fraile
- M D Rodriguez Frias
- Marcel Vos
- Marcos Fernandez Garcia
- Maria Jose Costa
- Marina Orta Terré
- Mary-Cruz Fouz
- Melissa Almanza Soto
- Michael Ehret
- Michael Seimetz
- Michel Sorel
- Miguel Ullan
- Mª Carmen Jiménez-Ramos
- Neil Moffat
- Oihan Elesgaray Susierra
- Olga Mena Mena
- Olof Tengblad
- Pablo Fernández Martínez
- Pablo García Gil
- Pablo Martinez Ruiz Del Arbol
- Pelayo Leguina
- Roberto Santorelli
- Rolando Paz Herrera
- Salvador Marti Garcia
- Santiago Folgueras
- Selene Bárbara Parra Aedo
- Sergio Sánchez Navas
- Shan Huang
- Sonja Orrigo
- Urmila Soldevila
- Vicente Pesudo Fortes
- Vidya Sagar VOBBILISETTI
- Yassid Ayyad
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Registro 30m Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- Valencia -
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Comida 1h Comedor
Comedor
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
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Introduction Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- Valencia- 14:30
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Introduction to the CNID Kick-off meeting 10mPonente: Ivan Vila Alvarez (Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC))
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Instrumentation & Detector R&D in Particle physics: DRD Collaborations Status 15mPonente: Inés Gil Botella (CIEMAT)
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Instrumentation and Detector R&D in Nuclear physics 15mPonente: Cesar Domingo-Pardo (IFIC (CSIC-University of Valencia))
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Instrumentation and Detector R&D in Astroparticles 15mPonente: Cristobal Padilla (IFAE)
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Liquid detectors WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModerador: Justo Martin-Albo (IFIC)-
15:30
R&D on noble element scintillation detectors at IFIC 15m
Noble element detectors are widely used today in particle and nuclear physics experiments, as well as in applied fields such as medical imaging. Noble elements are excellent detection media that provide strong scintillation and ionization primary signals. However, the efficient detection of that scintillation light, fundamentally emitted in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral range, remains an unresolved challenge. The very short wavelengths involved make detection highly non-trivial since most photosensors operate in the visible range, and the few that can detect VUV wavelengths are prohibitively expensive. Given the size of next-generation detectors, using these photosensors is not feasible. Instead, VUV light is shifted to longer wavelengths, generally implying a significant loss of detection efficiency.
IFIC is fully committed to the R&D of large-scale photon detection systems that ensure efficient collection and detection of noble-element scintillation, having acquired considerable expertise in the area over the last decade. We are developing novel photon collectors for VUV light that use combinations of dichroic filters and wavelength shifters (WLS) to trap the light. Additionally, we are exploring optical metasurfaces, novel ultra-thin devices that implement arrays of nanostructures with sub-wavelength dimensions and periodicity that allow for accurate and efficient manipulation of light.
Ponente: Justo Martin-Albo (IFIC) -
15:45
LiquidO: opaque light detection technology 15m
The LiquidO technology brings a novel approach to particle detectors by using the medium’s opacity to stochastically confine photons within a few cm near its creation point and collect the trapped light through arrays of wavelength-shifting fibers. This arrangement allows high-resolution imaging and highly efficient event-by-event particle identification down to the MeV scale. With the potential background rejection capabilities and the possibility of loading dopants at high concentrations, since transparency is no longer required, LiquidO opens up the possibility of a large number of new physics measurements in various areas of particle, nuclear, and medical physics.
In this contribution, we will address current and future projects in which the opaque technology is planned to be used and in which CIEMAT is involved, including the results of a 10-litre prototype detector demonstrating light confinement. As next R&D efforts, a new demonstrator (~100-liters) called Mini-𝛾 is to be constructed in the coming months and should provide major validation of the LiquidO’s performance, as it can explore event topologies in the scale of 0.5 m equipped length and is crucial to exercise full scale engineering solutions for larger scale detectors. The LiquidO technology is also embedded in the AntiMatter-OTech EIC/UKRI-funded project focused on industrial reactor innovation, where a 10-ton detector is going to be installed very close to the reactors of the Chooz nuclear power plant in France, without an underground facility.
Ponente: Diana Navas Nicolás (CIEMAT) -
16:00
Spectroscopy of the Ar scintillation light for rare event searches 15m
Massive liquid Ar detectors are being built for the next generation of dark matter searches and neutrino physics. All these detectors exploit the scintillation light of Ar, which is usually assumed to be purely at 128 nm. Our spectral time-resolved analysis of the argon scintillation light revealed a substantial component in the 160 to 300 nm range, which is the dominant prompt emission with alpha particles in gas at 1 bar. We have developed several chambers to characterize the spectral emission of Ar in the conditions of dual phase TPCs. This investigation opens the path to exploiting the spectroscopic features of the Ar-light emission for the ultimate generation of direct dark-matter detectors.
Ponente: Vicente Pesudo Fortes (CIEMAT / LSC) -
16:15
R&D on VUV photon detection for cryogenic liquid detectors 15m
Noble liquid elements are excellent scintillators with high light yield in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral range. The detection of this VUV scintillation light poses a considerable instrumentation challenge, as it requires highly sensitive photodetection systems in a range not covered by most of the commercially available sensors. Improving photon detection efficiency in noble liquid element detectors is essential to enhance the performance and extend the physics reach of upcoming and future experiments.
We are working on the development and characterization of VUV cryogenic silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) as well as front-end electronics, DAQ systems and online algorithms for signal processing, triggering and event selection. In parallel, we are optimizing photon traps coupled to SiPMs for the detection of photons over large areas, which is crucial for the scalability of current detectors. We have started an R&D on a monolithic light-charge pixel-based readout with the combination of charge readout pads and VUV SiPM light readout on the same PCB plane. This technology offers new possibilities to lower energy thresholds and improve the energy resolution. We are also involved in reconstruction techniques including machine learning.
In this talk we will present the status of our R&D at CIEMAT and the development of specific instrumentation and cryogenic infrastructures.
Ponente: Inés Gil Botella (CIEMAT)
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Cafe 30m Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- Valencia -
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Liquid detectors WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- Valencia-
17:00
R&D on High Resolution Temperature Sensing for Cryogenics Applications 15m
Huge volumes of liquid argon (LAr) are widely used today in particle and nuclear physics experiments, especially in the detection of weak interacting particles such as neutrinos (e.g. DUNE, SBND, ICARUS, ...) and dark matter (e.g. Darkside, ArDM, …). The characterisation of the liquid argon and the monitoring of the performance of the recirculation systems play a key role in ensuring the optimal detection performance of such detection systems. High resolution temperature distributions characterising gradients of few hundredths of a degree, provide insights on the quality of the purification of the noble liquid and enables a quick alert to changes on the operation of the recirculation system if required. Furthermore, temperature measurements in conjunction with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations can be used for detector calibration purposes.
IFIC is fully committed to the R&D of large-scale temperature monitoring systems (TMS) for liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPC), having acquired considerable expertise in the resistance temperature detection (RTD) technique over the last decade. The design of the temperature readout hardware, cables, and RTD supports, as well as the calibration system play a key role in obtaining the required temperature resolution. The first large-scale device, monitoring the temperature over a 8 m-high vertical LAr column with 3 mK resolution, has been operated at CERN in the large-scale DUNE prototype. This arrangement guarantees excellent temperature resolution for a large number of sensors, making them ideal to instrument large TPCs. Furthermore, an intense R&D on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors is being carried out simultaneously with the aim of setting up a Fiber-based TMS (FTMS) for high electric field environments. The FTMS will increase the number of temperature measurement points while preserving the resolution obtained with the RTD based system.
Ponente: Jordi Capó (IFIC)
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Network Structure: Discussion Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModeradores: Ivan Vila Alvarez (Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)), giulio pellegrini (IMB-CNM-CSIC)- 17:15
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Annoucement of the future accelerator network meeting in Valencia 10mPonente: Marcel Vos (IFIC Valencia)
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Training: Discussion Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- Valencia
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Electronics (ASIC, DAQ, Trigger, powering) WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModeradores: Diego Real Mañez (IFIC), Fernando Arteche (Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón), Santiago Folgueras (Universidad de Oviedo)-
9:00
ITA activities in DRD7: Power efficiency & Timing 15m
The ECFA DRD7 (Electronics and On-Detector Processing) collaboration is dedicated to the advancement of technologies for high-performance electronic systems for future physics detectors. The collaboration includes R&D projects in six areas (organized as Working Groups). One of them is focused on power efficiency (WG 7.1) and other in advanced 4D and 5D techniques (WG 7.3). Within DRD7 framework, the Instituto Tecnológico de Aragón (ITA) contributes to these two WGs through two projects. The first project plans to develop a prototype of White Rabbit based clock distribution system for 4D detectors and the other project is developing a GaN-based DC-DC converter for serial power systems. This contribution provides a comprehensive review on the progress of these projects and outlines the strategic direction for future developments of ITA in the DRD7.
Ponente: Dr. Fernando Arteche (ITA) -
9:15
Triggering on muon showers in the Barrel Muon Trigger of the CMS experiment for the HL-LHC upgrades 15m
Considering the upcoming HL-LHC, the Phase-2 CMS upgrade is set to revamp the trigger and data acquisition system. Upgrading the readout electronics to handle a maximum L1 accept rate of 750 kHz and a latency of 12.5 µs.The muon trigger is a multi-layered system designed to reconstruct and measure muon momenta by analyzing data from muon chambers using advanced pattern recognition algorithms running on FPGA processors. The Layer-1 Barrel Muon Filter is the second layer of this system. It focuses on consolidating data from barrel muon stations and refining it before sending it to the main trackers.We describe the first version of an algorithm meant to detect and identify muon showers. This algorithm has been tested in firmware, and its performance in physics has also been evaluated, with over 95% detection rate.
Ponente: Javier Prado Pico (Universidad de Oviedo) -
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Research and development of the acquisition electronics for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope 15m
The VEGA group at IFIC is leading the research and development of the acquisition electronics for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. This contribution provides an overview of the acquisition electronics employed in KM3NeT, its upgrades and current developments. It showcases the already developed 1-ns Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) and discusses ongoing progress in resolution enhancement and resource optimization. Furthermore, it elaborates on efforts directed towards enhancing reliability in the electronics, incorporating both theoretical analyses utilizing the FIDES method and practical evaluations employing the HALT method. Synchronization is another important point of IFIC's endeavours, with this contribution detailing the current implementation within KM3NeT alongside ongoing advancements aimed at improving both synchronization precision and system reliability.
Ponente: Dr. Diego Real Mañez (IFIC) -
9:45
Enhancing Data Processing in the CMS Trigger System for HL-LHC with HLS 15m
Abstract: Enhancing Data Processing in the CMS Trigger System for HL-LHC with HLS
In the context of the HL-LHC upgrades at the CMS experiment, handling the immense data volume efficiently is pivotal. This paper discusses the integration of High-Level Synthesis (HLS) for hardware acceleration, a key innovation in processing High Energy Physics (HEP) data. HLS effectively bridges the complex software algorithms and hardware deployment, particularly on FPGA platforms, facilitating swift and precise real-time data processing. Focusing on a specialized track-finding algorithm for muon reconstruction, this study showcases the conversion of software routines into robust, high-performance hardware solutions using HLS. This conversion enhances the precision and throughput of muon detection at CMS. Additionally, we introduce a custom project build system developed using CMake and TCL scripting. This system streamlines the compilation and deployment process, enabling modular, scalable, and reproducible builds. Key HLS strategies such as parallel processing, pipelining, and optimized memory usage are explored, highlighting their roles in the effective acceleration of algorithms. The synergy between advanced HLS techniques and a tailored build system significantly boosts the development and performance of hardware-accelerated solutions in particle physics research.
Ponente: Pelayo Leguina (University of Oviedo) -
10:00
Programmable readout electronics for radiation environments 15m
Instrumentation for future colliders will require electronics that works under harsh conditions which includes levels of radiation that varies depending on the collider proposal but also on the actual detector configuration. Having the possibility to instrument a detector with reconfigurable hardware opens many possibilities for versatile designs and for functionality modification after fabrication. Many detector components of e+e- colliders experiments share with LHC Muon detectors low radiation scenarios and thus can profit from the versatility of using newly available radiation tolerant FPGAs instead of ASICs for on detector electronics.
A board design that is capable of performing the readout of detectors that work under harsh conditions is presented. This board is built around reconfigurable hardware that has been tested under radiation. It integrates more than 200 input channels and allows output bandwidths of up to 40 Gbps.
The design includes protection mechanisms that allow working reliably under radiation and with little supervision.
This board is intended to be used in the CMS upgrade in the near future and discussions for using it in other experiments are taking place. The design is versatile enough to be accommodated in a large variety of detectors.Ponente: Rolando Paz Herrera (CIEMAT) -
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The Energy Measurement ASIC for the Upgrade II in the LHCb Calorimeter Detector 15m
This work presents the analog design of a 4-channel ASIC developed in a 65 nm CMOS technology specifically designed to be included in the Front-End Board (FEB) of the LHCb Upgrade II Calorimeter. It is intended for the continuous readout of Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs), achieving an energy measurement of the particle collisions with a resolution of 12 bit/channel and a power consumption of ~ 50 mW/channel. The radiation levels inside the detector and the necessity of matching the analog and digital blocks in the FEB bind the design to the TSMC65 technology.
This technology is powered by a reduced voltage supply of 1.2V, which leads to a very limited dynamic range (DR) and lower Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) than the one achieved in the Calorimeter Upgrade I. In order to fulfill the 12 bits resolution specification, the ASIC includes two gain paths: Low-Gain (LG), using an input preamplifier with unity gain, and a High-Gain (HG) path that increases the resolution for low-amplitude input pulses to 11+1 bits/channel. Both paths are, in turn, divided into two time-interleaved subchannels that allow the signal integration to reset between input events (occurring every 25 ns) and remove the dead time, preventing information losses.
The design is based on the experience of ICECAL ASIC already installed the current detector, including: (1) Rail-to-rail (RTR) input and output swings to cover the maximum DR available from the reduced voltage supply; (2) fully-differential operation to improve the common noise rejection due to the switched nature of the channel; (3) individual generation of integration clocks using a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) with a 1 ns resolution to calibrate channel to channel variations due to the different signal paths of the PMTs; (4) a fully-differential driver with a capacitance drive capability up to 10 pF to output the analog signal to be digitized off-chip with an external 12 bits Analog-To-Digital Converter (ADC).
Ponente: Alberto López Guillén (ICCUB) -
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Precise & deterministic timing distribution study with Microsemi FPGA. 15m
Improving timing resolution will be an important challenge for the next generation of particle physics detectors. One of the intrinsic aspects to achieve when using TDCs (Time to Digital Converters) is the quality and the low jitter of the clock. Thus, clock distribution becomes critical to ensure an optimal time measurement and this is usually done through a chain of FPGAs connected via optical serial links up to the highest accceptable radiation region in the experiment. Many detector components of planned e+e- colliders experiments share with LHC Muon detectors relatively low radiation scenarios and thus can enjoy the versatility of using newly available radiation tolerant FPGAs instead of ASICs for on detector electronics. CIEMAT is participating in DRD7.3 subgroup (timing) studying the timing performance, both in terms of precision and of phase-determinism of intrinsically rad-hard Microsemi FPGAs. Early studies and plans will be presented.
Ponentes: Dr. Javier Sastre Álvaro (CIEMAT), Dr. Ignacio Redondo Fernandez (CIEMAT) -
10:45
Development of an AI-based Central Trigger Processor board for the advanced SiPM based camera of the CTA Large Size Telescopes 15m
Current Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) use combined analog and digital electronics for their trigger systems, implementing simple but fast algorithms. Such trigger techniques are used due to the extremely high data rates and strict timing requirements. In recent years, in the context of a new camera design for the Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) based on Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPM), a new fully digital trigger system incorporating Machine Learning (ML) algorithms is being developed. The main concept is to implement those algorithms in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to increase the sensitivity and efficiency of the real-time decision making while being able to fulfill timing constraints. The project is full of challenges, such as complex Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design, managing very wide bandwidths, complex FPGA logic design, and translating high level ML models to FPGA synthesizable code. We are currently developing all the elements of such a ML-based IACT trigger system, starting with a PCB prototype to test multi-gigabit optical transceivers and using development boards as an algorithmic testbench.
Ponente: Alejandro Pérez Aguilera (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid) -
11:00
The PreProcessor system for the ATLAS Tile Hadronic Calorimeter at the HL-LHC 15m
The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project is planned as a major upgrade to maintain and expand the LHC’s discovery potential. As part of this upgrade, the ATLAS experiment has developed a comprehensive roadmap for upgrades, including the installation of new detector components and advancements in data acquisition and processing systems. A critical aspect of these upgrades involves the complete replacement of the readout electronics of the ATLAS central Tile hadronic calorimeter. This upgrade aims to enhance the system's capacity to handle higher data rates and improve its resistance to radiation. Through these comprehensive improvements, the ATLAS experiment aims to meet the requirements and seize the opportunities presented by the HL-LHC era.
This contribution presents the architecture and design of the TilePPr (Tile PreProcessor) system, which serves as a crucial interface between the on-detector electronics and the central Trigger, Detector Control and Data Acquisition systems of the ATLAS experiment. The TilePPr module is based on the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) and incorporates high-speed optical links, communication interfaces, and data processing capabilities. Through a series of certification tests, the module has demonstrated its compliance with industry standards and functional requirements, confirming its suitability for seamless integration into the ATLAS experiment during the HL-LHC phase.Ponente: Alberto Valero
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Cafe 30m Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- Valencia -
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Mechanics and Integration WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModeradores: Cristobal Padilla (IFAE), enrique casarejos (universidade de vigo)-
11:45
Mechanical design and integration at R3B-FAIR experiment 15m
The R3B experimental setup within the FAIR facility in Darmstadt (Germany), is designed to study Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams. The aim of the R3B collaboration is to create a flexible setup that can accurately measure these reactions, with a focus on efficiency, wide coverage, and precise results, to better understand high-energy radioactive beam interactions. The group DSN in the University of Vigo has been actively involved in the mechanical design and integration of different elements of the R3B setup as well the overall R3B integration activities towards FAIR.
The R3B experimental set-up includes several detectors that are used in different configurations depending on the reaction to be studied. The main elements of R3B are the Neutron Large Area Neutron Detector (NeuLAND), the calorimeter for in-flight detection of gamma rays and high-energy charged particles (CALIFA), the GSI Large Acceptance Dipole (GLAD) and a set of dedicated tracking and Time-of-Fligh (ToF) detectors primarily consisting of high-response scintillating fibers and silicon detectors.
Our group designed and installed the whole mechanical structure of CALIFA, holding more than 2 tons of CsI(Ta) crystals. The innermost structure of CALIFA uses thin-wall (0.27 mm) carbon fiber envelopes to hold the 2544 individual crystals in place. The 43 different sensor shapes are located in 24 envelope shapes. The project involved the design of the manufacturing process and the hand-made production of the 584 envelope parts, as well the assembly of the setup. A gantry-like structure with mobile platforms allows for splitting the detector and mounting operations.
Inside the reaction chamber, surrounded by CALIFA, we designed a structure to securely position different tracker silicon detectors around the target. This structure ensures accurate alignment of FOOT and ALPIDE detectors around foils or the liquid-H2 targets, also providing movement, cooling and cable management through the flanges. The challenge is the compact design due to the limited volume and the many different components inside.
Our group collaborates with the detector-lab team developing new scintillator fiber detectors using the MPPC array Hamamatsu S13552. On the one hand, designing the cooling system for the electronics boards, a compact system to cool down the PCBs of the read-out electronics in vacuum. On the other hand, with the design of the first fibers-detector based on this technology for tracking close to the GLAD magnetic field.
At this moment we are designing tracking detectors for the proton arm spectrometer (PAS) based 0.5mm scintillating fibers coupled to Hamamatsu S13552 MPPCs. PAS will serve as a primary R3B detector system just behind the GLAD dipole, tracking protons and light charged particles. PAS comprises three detection planes covering about 2.5m x 1m, making it the largest Sci-Fi detector in R3B and a challenging mechanical design due to the fibers sizes and the modularity desired.
Ponente: Sr. Pablo García-Gil (universidade de vigo) -
12:00
Microchannel Cooling Developments at IMB-CNM 15m
The progressive shrinking of dimensions and system integration in radiation detector systems for experimental physics introduce important challenges for the cooling of sensors and electronics. The increased heat densities, combined with the complexity of detector assemblies, make the full integration of the sensors, electronics, and services more and more complex. In order to overcome these difficulties microchannel cooling has been proposed to increase the cooling efficiency, reducing the heat transfer path to the detector volume and therefore increasing the heat removal performance, while improving the integration of the cooling with the sensor and front-end electronics hybrid system. We will present the technological developments carried out at CNM in the field of microchannel cooling.
In the past we already developed a technology of embedded microchannels on silicon substrates by the use of Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) and wafer bonding techniques and demonstrated the successful liquid flow and cooling performance. Now we work on adding interconnection functionality to cooling interposers with embedded microchannels. The developed interposers provide mechanical support and high-efficient cooling. We will present the extension of the microchannel technology to incorporate a metal redistribution layer (RDL) in order to facilitate the interconnection of the signal and power with the backend electronics. Additionally, we work on the full integration of the microchannels with the sensors itself. Several techniques can be applied for this purpose, and they present different advantages and challenges. We will select the optimal technology to achieve the full integration.Ponente: Miguel Ullan (CNM-Barcelona) -
12:15
The global and local support structures of the endcap for the ATLAS Itk-Strips 15m
The ATLAS experiment will replace completely the inner tracker. The new one will be formed by 2 subsystems make with silicon pixel detectors in the inner region and silicon strip sensors in the outer region. The Silicon strip system will have a barrel region, made by 4 barrels, and two end-caps each made by a cylinder composed by 6 disc. Each of the discs will be made by 32 local support structures, petals, populated with 9 silicon strip sensor modules on each side. The talk will describe the design of the global and local support structures of the endcap of the ATLAS silicon micro strips tracker for the HL-LHC. The talk will discuss the reasons of the current design, the fabrication process and the procedure for the quality checking of the object. The local support structures, in particular, are un example of the externalization of the fabrication process to industry, which will also be discussed.
Ponente: Oihan Elesgaray Susierra (IFIC) -
12:30
Integration of the Filter Wheel Assembly for the Euclid Satellite 15m
In this talk I will introduce the Euclid satellite and its instruments and focus specially on the Filter Wheel Assembly (FWA) for the Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP). This is a critical opto-mechanical component of this mission. Although conceptually simple, it will serve as an example of the exhaustive testing needed for space missions and the instrumentation that needs to be built to achieve a successful flight model. Some of these protocols and methodology can be useful in other High Energy Physics applications.
Ponente: Cristobal Padilla (IFAE) -
12:45
Test bench for the ISOLDE Superconducting Recoil Separator ISRS 15m
The ISRS is a novel high-resolution recoil separator to be installed at the radioactive ion beam facility HIE-ISOLDE at CERN. The design of the ISRS spectrometer exploits the time-of-flight of the fragments produced in the reaction target to perform the particle separation. By injecting the reaction fragments into a particle storage system composed of an array of iron-free superconducting multifunction magnets (SCMF) cooled by cryocoolers, and integrated into a compact storage mini-ring using Fixed Field Alternating Gradient focussing (FFAG) it is possible to reach resolutions of 1/2000. The present design is compact (3.5 m diameter) with a relatively low magnetic field (< 3T) that should manage to recirculate with 100% efficiency a cocktail beam of heavy mass isotopes (up-to mass 234) at 10 MeV/u with a 30% momentum spread.
A prototype of a 90◦ bending magnet composed of a CCT solenoid (FUSILLO) with a pure dipole central field of 3.0 T has been developed by CERN.
However, in a first stage we are making a design using short/compact straight iron-free CCT magnets. This prototype called MAGDEM (Magnet Demonstrator) will be integrated into a dedicated beam transport and focusing system and assembled into a fully operational ion test bench. The focusing system, target chamber, and focal plane detectors are under study at IEM-CSIC within the MRR-ISRS-Spain project.Ponente: Dr. Sergio Sanchez Navas (IEM - CSIC)
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Comida 1h Comedor
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Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
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Solid State WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModeradores: Carlos Marinas (IFIC), Sebastian Grinstein (ICREA/IFAE-Barcelona), Teresa Kurtukian Nieto (CSIC-IEM)-
14:00
The modules and petals of the endcap of the ATLAS inner tracker for the HL-LHC 15m
The ATLAS experiment will replace completely the inner tracker. The new one will be formed by 2 subsystems make with silicon pixel detectors in the inner region and silicon strip sensors in the outer region. The Silicon strip system will have a barrel region, made by 4 barrels, and two end-caps each made by a cylinder composed by 6 disc. Each of the discs will be made by 32 local support structures, petals, populated with 9 silicon strip sensor modules on each side. This work will describe the silicon strip sensor modules and the loaded petals. The talk will discuss the design, the assembly and the process of quality checking during production.
Ponente: Urmila Soldevila (IFIC/CSIC-UV) -
14:15
Detector developments for the ATLAS phase II upgrades at IFAE 15m
IFAE is involved in the development and production of pixel modules for both the Inner Tracker (ITk) and High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) upgrades of the ATLAS detector system, which are designed to address the challenges of the HL-LHC at CERN.
The innermost layer of the pixel system for the ITk will feature novel 3D silicon sensors with a thin active substrate and small pixel pitch, ensuring extreme radiation hardness. IFAE is evaluating the pre-production 3D sensors for the ITk. Pre-production module triplets, consisting of three 3D sensors hybridised to the ITk pixel ASIC and connected by a flexible PCB, are being assembled at the IFAE laboratory.
On the other hand, HGTD is a new detector aiming to provide timing information to tracks in the forward regions of ATLAS to reduce pile-up. It utilises pixel modules with Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs), capable of achieving a time resolution down to a few tens of picoseconds. IFAE is deeply involved in the evaluation of LGADs, front-end design, hybridisation process, and module assembly. More than 50 double chip modules have already been fully assembled and tested at IFAE. This presentation will highlight the ongoing activities and contributions of IFAE to both ITk and HGTD.
Ponente: Stefano Terzo (IFAE - Barcelona) -
14:30
Characterization of 3D pixel sensors for the CMS Tracker Upgrade at the High Luminosity-LHC 15m
The High Luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) requires new high-radiation tolerant silicon pixel sensors for the innermost part of the tracking detector in the CMS experiment. The innermost layer of the tracker will be exposed to a fluence of 2.6E16 neq/cm2 during the high-luminosity operation period. The 3D pixel sensor technology has been proven to be the best option for such a layer in terms of radiation tolerance and low power consumption. An extensive program aiming at 3D pixel sensors interconnected with the CROCv1 readout chip, which is a prototype of the final version, has been carried out. The sensors have been produced by the FBK (Trento, Italy) and CNM (Barcelona, Spain) foundries. The modules have been tested on beam at CERN and DESY, before and after irradiation up to an equivalent fluence of about 1.6E16 neq/cm2. An overview of the methodology used to determine the performance of these devices, as well as the results obtained in the latest beam test experiments will be shown.
Ponente: Sra. Clara Lasaosa García (IFCA (CSIC-UC)) -
14:45
Instrumented baffles for Advanced Virgo+ 15m
An instrumented baffle surrounding the end mirror of the input mode cleaner cavity of the Advanced Virgo+ interferometer was installed in spring 2021. This baffle is equipped with active sensors to allow monitoring of light scattered in the cavity and can be used for cavity pre-alignment. A second generation of instrumented baffles, designed and currently under construction at IFAE, will be installed in the main arms of the interfermometer in the second phase of Advanced Virgo+. In this contribution we summarise the performance of the instrumented baffle over the past three years and discuss the challenges of instrumenting baffles near the test masses.
Ponente: Lluïsa-Maria Mir (IFAE) -
15:00
Detectors and Instrumentation for astronomical space and ground telescope missions 15m
This talk will give a brief overview of the detectors used in optical telescopes both on earth and space missions for astronomical and cosmological observations: CCD’s and Focal Plane Arrays. It will describe some of the new trends and challenges in this area and will make emphasis in their special requirements in terms of density, noise, etc., and the instrumentation needed for their characterization and operation in the optical cameras where they are mounted.
Ponente: Prof. Cristobal Padilla (IFAE) -
15:15
LGAD development at IMB-CNM 15m
This abstract provides an overview of the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) Technology developed at IMB-CNM, highlighting its developent since its introduction in 2014. Initially designed for particle physics, the LGAD has become a radiation-hard timing detector chosen to be the timing layer at CERN's CMS and ATLAS experiments. IMB-CNM's research works on various LGAD variants, including AC-LGAD, Inverse LGAD, and the most recent nLGAD. The presentation emphasizes the design, development, and performance of the nLGAD, particularly its application for soft X-ray imaging/low penetrating radiation imaging. Characterization of the nLGAD has been carried out in the radiation detectors lab at the IMB-CNM using the transient current technique.
Ponente: Neil Moffat (IMB-CNM) -
15:30
Micro-vertex detection system for the WASA-FRS HypHI Experiments 15m
The WASA-FRS HypHI Collaboration aims to study hypernuclei via heavy-ion induced reactions [1]. The hypernuclear production can be explained by the coalescence between hyperons from the participant zone of collisions and the spectator fragments. In central or peripheral collisions, a significant number of particles are produced. This feature permits the determination of the interaction point of the collision, which has the potential to enhance the precision of the hypernucleus lifetime measurements. A micro-vertex detection system has been developed with the primary objective of determining the primary vertex in the target.
The micro-vertex detection system comprises four stations equipped with single-sided micro-strip silicon detectors. The strip size is 80 μm for the first two stations and 160 μm for the final pair, which are combined in pairs within the same Front-End electronics channel. Signal preamplification and shaping are performed by sixteen ASICs (VATAGP8 from IDEAS). These chips are connected and managed by three motherboards, developed by Alibava Systems.
My contribution will focus on providing a detailed description of the micro-vertex silicon detector, introducing its experimental purposes within the context of upcoming WASA-FRS Collaboration Experiments, and presenting preliminary results of the detector performance from the first experimental tests using a 10 MeV proton beam at CMAM facility (Madrid, Spain).
[1] T.R. Saito, et al., Nature Reviews Physics 3, 803 (2021).
Ponente: Christophe Rappold (Instituto de Estructura de la Materia - CSIC) -
15:45
TRT a pixel Si-Tracker for R3B/FAIR 15m
R3B is a scientific collaboration of FAIR working towards the realization of an apparatus, located at the end of the High-Energy Branch of this facility, that will received exotic isotopes of any chemical element from Hydrogen up to Uranium moving at energies around 1 A GeV.
R3B will allow us to explore the limits of the nuclear shell model, investigate exotic (barionic and strange) nuclear and to reproduce in the lab some relevant astrophysical scenarios as neutron stars.
One of the key detection systems of R3B is a pixel-based Target Recoil Tracker (TRT) that surrounds the target.
The main purpose of TRT is the detection (angle) of light charged particles (i.e. protons) that emerge following nuclear reactions of the beam particles with the R3B target. The precise angular reconstruction of TRT will enable a precise reaction-vertex reconstruction. Combined with the total kinetic energy measured by the R3B CALIFA calorimeter it will also allow the reconstruction of the missing-mass of the reaction under study.TRT is based on the ultra-thin ALPIDE Monolithic Active Sensors (ALPIDE MAPS). Among the most relevant features of these sensors for nuclear physics are the small pixel size, the low material budget, high multiplicity capability and very good detection efficiency for MIPs.
In this talk we will present the state of progress of the project, the challenges of using this technology in nuclear physics experiments and the future steps to be taken.
Ponente: Dolores Cortina Gil ( Instituto de Física Corpuscular CSIC-UV ) -
16:00
The DMAPS upgrade of the Belle II Vertex Detector 15m
The SuperKEKB collider will undergo a major upgrade at the end of the
decade to reach the target luminosity of 6 10^35 cm-2 s-1, offering the
opportunity to install a new pixelated vertex detector (VTX) for the Belle
II experiment. The VTX will be more robust against the expected higher
level of machine background and more performant in terms of standalone
track finding efficiency.
The VTX design matches the modified interaction region and includes five
layers, spanning radii from 14 mm to 135 mm.
All layers are equipped with the same depleted-MAPS, OBELIX, designed in
the Tower 180 nm technology, which pixel matrix is derived from the TJ-
Monopix2 sensor originally developed for the ATLAS experiment. Featuring a
33 μm pitch, OBELIX integrates hits over 100 ns while dissipating less
than 200 mW/cm2 at an average hit rate of 60 MHz/cm2. The digital trigger
logic matches the 30 kHz average Belle II trigger rate with 10 μs trigger
delay and a maximum hit rate of 120 MHz/cm2.
The two innermost layers (iVTX) have a sensitive length of about 12 cm and
aim for a material budget below 0.2 % X0/layer, benefitting from air
cooling. One ladder is made of a 4-sensor wide module cut out from
processed wafers and submitted to post-processing operations in order to
connect them at one end.
The three outer layers (oVTX) target material budget ranging from 0.3 % X0
for the shortest length up to 0.8 % X0 for the 70 cm-long and outermost
layer. The ladder concept uses a light mechanical structure supporting a
liquid-cooled plate in contact with the sensors connected to a flex
printed cable.
We will review all project aspects: tests of the TJ-Monopix2 sensor,
OBELIX-1 design status, prototype fabrication and tests for the iVTX and
oVTX concepts, including their cooling.Ponente: Carlos Marinas (IFIC)
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Applications WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModeradores: Carlos Guerrero (Universidad de Sevilla), Gabriela Llosa (IFIC (CSIC-UV))-
16:15
High efficiency neutron spectrometry for underground physics, space weather and environmental dosimetry 15m
Neutrons, as highly penetrating radiation, engage in complex interactions with matter
depending on their energy and nuclear structure. In underground facilities, fast neutrons
originate from nuclear reactions induced by the intrinsic radioactivity of rock and cavity
walls, as well as from the constituent materials of detectors, shieldings, and supporting
structures. Consequently, radiogenic neutrons constitute an important background that
limits low counting rate experiments in dark matter and neutrino searches, as well as in
experimental nuclear astrophysics. Understanding and quantifying the production of these
radiogenic neutrons is essential for assessing or mitigating the neutron background
affecting experiments in underground physics. On the other hand, secondary neutrons,
spanning a wide energy range from hundreds of keV to hundreds of MeV, are continuously
produced from cosmic-ray interactions in the upper atmosphere. This component
dominates the ambient neutron flux observed at ground level or higher altitudes. The
measurement of cosmic-ray neutrons is thus connected with various fields such as
cosmic-ray physics, space weather monitoring, the study of single event upsets (SEUs) in
microelectronics, and environmental dosimetry.
In this contribution, the HENSA project (www.hensaproject.org) is introduced. The High
Efficiency Neutron Spectrometry Array (HENSA) is a state-of-the-art spectrometer based
on gaseous proportional neutron counters. An overview of the research with HENSA in
underground facilities is presented, focusing on the latest results from experiments at the
Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC, Spain) and the INFN Gran Sasso National
Laboratory (LNGS, Italy). Furthermore, the study of cosmic-ray neutrons with HENSA is
discussed, including the mapping of cosmic-ray neutrons across Spain (vertical cutoff
rigidities 5-9 GV) during quiet solar conditions at the beginning of solar cycle #25, and the
development of a new HENSA version, called HENSA++, optimized for space weather and
environmental dosimetry applications. Finally, the future needs on R&D for neutron
detectors based on gaseous proportional counters, as well as the perspectives of the
HENSA project are outlined in this talk.Ponente: Dr. Ariel Tarifeño-Saldivia (Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (CSIC-UV))
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Cafe 30m Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- Valencia -
17:00
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Applications WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModeradores: Carlos Guerrero (Universidad de Sevilla), Gabriela Llosa (IFIC (CSIC-UV))-
17:00
Transmission detection of protons with thin organic scintillators 15m
Recent advances in hadrontherapy and radiobiology require precise information on the particle beam properties. For in-beam detection of protons and ions a low areal density is mandatory to allow for passage of the primary particles at negligible energy loss and scatter. We report on two developments from i3M.
Prompt-gamma imaging and spectroscopy (PGI, PGS) can be applied for range verification in real-time to increase the precision of hadrontherapy. Gamma photons of several MeV are detected using scintillator crystals with large volumes. A beam monitor made of scintillating fibers coupled to fast photomultipliers has been used to suppress background events through a time coincidence with the incoming protons and ions. It has been tested at a therapy facility with clinical beam intensities up to $8 \times 10^7$ $p$/s [1,2]. We have recently built a multi-channel version with individual readout of single fibers for improved spatial resolution. First data have been obtained at the external beamline of the 18 MeV cyclotron at Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA).
Pulsed ion beams with much higher intensities are generated in laser-plasma interactions. For the measurement of the proton fluence in bunches of <1 µs duration we have built a transmission monitor based on an ultra-thin scintillator sheet which allows for passage of protons of a few MeV. Its response to pulses reaching $5 \times 10^5$ $p$/100 ns has been calibrated at the CNA tandem accelerator. This device may be applied for real-time dose control in the ultra-high dose rate regime.Financed by Generalitat Valenciana through the program “I+D+i Subvenciones para Grupos de investigación consolidados” (AICO), ref. CIAICO/2022/008.
[1] P. Magalhaes Martins et al., Frontiers in Physics 8, 169 (2020)
[2] R. Dal Bello et al., Phys. Med. Biol. 65, 095010 (2020)Ponente: Michael Seimetz (Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (i3M), CSIC - Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia) -
17:15
Advances in high-repetition-rate metrology of laser-driven ion beams and electromagnetic pulses at the CLPU 15m
We present results from our efforts on reliable operations and detector development at the ICTS unique infrastructure Centro de Láseres Pulsados (Villamaoyor, Spain), i.e. efforts towards metrology standardization of primary and secondary laser driven sources. We will give an overview of the standardization of metrology for laser plasma experiments, laser sources, and laser based secondary sources [1,2].
We present (i) novel techniques for the analysis of solid state nuclear track detectors, simultaneously analyzing the diameter and the depth of etched pits for an improved spectral resolution of the detector; (ii) the use of scintillator stacks for the retrieval of broad ion beam spectra, archiving spatio-spectral resolution; (iii) the study of viability of cheap comercial CMOS cameras for, particle and Xray detection and (iv) new passive electronic techniques to characterize electromagnetic pulses.
Keywords: high power laser, high energy density, high repetition rate, secondary sources
References:
[1] M. Ehret et al., accepted at HPLSE (2024) https://doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2024.14
[2] M. Huault et al., accepted at IEEE Trans. Instrum. & Meas. (2024)Ponente: Michael Ehret (Centro de Láseres Pulsados) -
17:30
X-ray optics for Particle, Astroparticle and Nuclear Physics 15m
The use of novel x-ray optic systems alongside advanced detector technologies has been emphasized as one of the key paths forward required for future axion dark matter searches and to overcome nuclear waste recycling challenges. X-ray telescopes are already integral to current and future astrophysics missions by NASA, ESA, and JAXA, with further advancements promising new applications in medical imaging for radiotherapy.
Our focus lies in deploying x-ray reflecting systems with complex multilayer periodic, capable of precisely filtering the energy of reflected photons through. This can be accomplished through the selection of grazing angles with few arcseconds precision. Specifically, we highlight the implementation of x-ray telescopes for the International Axion Observatory (IAXO) and explore novel methods for non-destructive analysis of special nuclear material based on gamma-ray optics.
This work is made in collaboration with NASA Goddard (Maryland, U.S.), Columbia University (New York, U.S), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (California, U.S.), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Tennessee, U.S.), the Technical University of Denmark Space (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Institute Nazionale di Astrofisica (Brera, Italy).Ponente: Jaime Ruz (University of Zaragoza) -
17:45
Muon tomography status and applications 15m
Muon Tomography is an emerging technique with a large potential as a Non-Destructive Testing tool in fields such as geophysics, archeology, civil engineering, security, industry and others. This talk presents some of the latest developments in the field ranging from new hardware concepts, to recent muon imaging techniques or novel use cases. Especial attention is payed to applications being developed or used in Spain both in the public or private sectors.
Ponente: Pablo Martinez (Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria) -
18:00
Development of dosimetry and monitoring applications with CLYC detectors for nuclear technology 15m
Nuclear physics research and applications require continuous research and development (R&D) in detection and data acquisition (DAQ) systems. The Nuclear Innovation Unit at CIEMAT covers a broad scientific program on neutron-induced reaction cross-section measurements (capture, fission, and charged particle production), $\beta$-delayed neutron emission, ($\alpha$,n) reaction studies, and is also involved in applications such as the characterization of nuclear waste and neutron dosimetry.
CLYC based detection systems are being developed for neutron measurements in various environments, such as underground laboratories, proton therapy facilities, and nuclear waste repositories. Moreover, the combined sensitivity of CLYC scintillators to both $\gamma$-rays and neutrons with excellent discrimination properties, has been explored to simultaneously perform combined $\gamma$-ray and neutron dosimetry.
In this talk we report on the development of CLYC-based dosimetry. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to design Wendi-II and Lupin-II based dosimeters, using a 1-inch cubic CLYC crystal as the sensitive element. Simulations show that the responses are comparable to the original detectors. The dosimeters have been constructed and calibration measurements with a $^{252}$Cf high intensity source were carried out at the Neutronic Standards Laboratory (LPN) of CIEMAT.
Ponente: Alberto Pérez de Rada Fiol (CIEMAT) -
18:15
Advanced semiconductor dosimeters for new radiotherapies 15m
New detection systems for hadrontherapy and FLASH therapy have been designed and manufactured at the Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM, CSIC) in Barcelona, Spain.
Silicon microdosimeters that can reduce the radiobiological uncertainties in the normal tissue surrounding the target by allowing for further RBE calculations are based in silicon 3D-cylindrical microdetectors. They have a cylindrical shape with a size comparable to that of the nuclei of human cells (20 µm-thick, 25 µm-diameter). Using this unit cell, different arrays configurations were designed and fabricated to cover a wide range of resolutions. Each of these multi‒arrays is integrated in a customized electronic readout by using multichannel ASICs. This ASIC enables a beam trigger and an analogue output for 128 microdetectors. They are chained to others, which allows to increase the number of channels. The microsensor arrays have been successfully used at the Orsay Proton Therapy Center (France) for measuring 2-dimensional LET distributions, proving that they can contribute to the optimization of hadrontherapy treatments.
In addition, silicon carbide (SiC) diodes have been developed for dosimetry for ultra-high dose-per-pulse radiation at FLASH radiotherapy. The diodes have been characterized in an ultra-high pulse dose rate electron beam at National Metrology Institute (PTB, Germany). The linearity of the diode response was investigated and it was independent both of DPP and of pulse dose rate up to at least 11 Gy per pulse and 6 MGy/s, respectively, with tolerable deviation for relative dosimetry (<5%). When measuring the percentage depth dose under ultra-high dose per pulse conditions, the SiC diode performed comparably well to a reference diamond dosimeter. The sensitivity reduction after 100 kGy accumulated dose was <2%.
In a further radiation test, these detectors were tested at the CNA in Sevilla, studying their signal response, sensitivity and radiation hardness with 14 MeV proton beams up to a cumulative dose of 1.5 kGy. The diode response was stable with a +-4% deviation that could be attributed to beam drift during the irradiation. The diode dark current was not affected by the accumulated dose. The results of these studies demonstrate for the first time the suitability of radiation-hard silicon carbide diodes for relative dosimetry in ultra-high dose rate pulsed radiation beams.
Ponente: Celeste Fleta (Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC)) -
18:30
IRIS Innovative detectors for medical applications 15m
The IRIS group of IFIC (http://ific.uv.es/iris) has specialized on the development of innovative technology for medical imaging.
Compton cameras are showing promising results in different medical imaging areas. The group has wide expertise in the development of Compton cameras for medical applications. Starting from a basic prototype, the group has improved its capabilities and modified the system towards the requirements two applications: protontherapy treatment monitoring and assessment of radionuclide therapy.
The system is based on LaBr3 crystals coupled to SiPM arrays. The initial prototype, which has now reached the third version (MACACO III) employs the ASIC VATA64HDR16, driven by the AliVATA readout board. In the latest version (MACACO III+), employed for radionuclide therapy assessment the device features two planes, the first one composed of one detector and the second one with four detectors. The system has shown very promising results in this application.An altenative version (MACACOp) has been developed employing the ASIC TOFPET2 from PETSYS, in order to improve the timing resolution and readout speed for proton therapy treatment monitoring. This ASIC has also enlarged the detector dynamic range. After the successful tests carried out with the two systems at the Krakow protontherapy centre, the device has been tested at the Quironsalud protontherapy centre in Madrid, being able to reconstruct the prompt gamma distribution in the challenging conditions imposed by the accelerator. The last version, known as FALCON, also features four detectors in the second plane.
Also for this last application, the group is working on the development of a coaxial prompt gamma monitoring device. The work is focused on the development of an ultra-fast data acquisition system capable of digitizing signal waveforms at 2.5 Gsps. Up to 50 second long waveforms of a CeBr3 scintillator at 3 MHz coupled to a fast PMT are stored without any dead-time and processed off-line for pile-up deconvolution.
Ponente: Gabriela Llosá (IFIC (CSIC-UV))
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Calorimetry WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModeradores: Hector Alvarez Pol (Univ. Santiago de Compostela), MaryCruz Fouz (CIEMAT)-
9:00
T-SDHCAL a 5D calorimeter for future Higgs Factories 15m
The Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter (SDHCAL) is a highly segmented sampling calorimeter developed by the CALICE collaboration having in mind the future ILC experiments. The SDHCAL uses Glass Resistive Plate Chambers as active medium and the readout is done by 1x1cm2 pads using 3 different thresholds. A 1m3 prototype was built and successful tested in beam tests along years for which the CIEMAT group played a major role. The new generation of this type of calorimeter should include precise timing information (T-SDHCAL), better than 150 ps which can be obtained with multigap chambers (MRPC) instead of the single gap used till now. This development should be accompanied by new readout electronics with resolutions of tens of picoseconds. Operation in a circular e+e- is more demanding on power-consumption with respect to ILC because the electronics cannot be power-pulsing and, in addition, active cooling could be needed to sustain the higher rates. The T-SDHCAL R&D is included on different working package activities of the DRD6 and DRD1 collaborations, and, in Spain, two groups, CIEMAT and University of Cordoba, are involved. The work will also include software developments for shower reconstruction and particle identification aiming to implement IA techniques. Synergies with other DRD6 and DRD1 groups developing micro pattern gaseous detectors (MPGD) have also been identified.
Ponente: Dr. MaryCruz Fouz (CIEMAT) -
9:15
Technological challenges on sensor-electronics hybridization for compact silicon tungsten electromagnetic calorimeters 15m
Highly compact and granular sandwich silicon tungsten calorimeters are proposed for all future Higgs Factories, strong-field-QED experiments, and Dark Matter search experiments. In this contribution, we discuss the technological challenges of sensor-electronics hybridization for highly compact and granular silicon tungsten electromagnetic calorimeters. The aim is to build a highly compact calorimeter, with a Moliere radius approaching the one of tungsten. Hence, the gap between tungsten plates must be small. Different alternatives have been explored and used in the past, e.g. tab-bonding and epoxy-silver glue dots, with so far limited success. The à la CALICE solution makes intensive use of the epoxy-silver solution. A common R&D effort is being performed by both the CALICE and FCAL collaborations (now part of DRD6) in order to study the long-term viability of this technology. It comprises aging studies, radiation tolerance of the glue, the validation of different industrial choices for the epoxy-silver product and the optimization/automation of the process by different institutes. The challenges and status of these activities will be discussed in this contribution.
Ponente: Adrian Irles (IFIC (UV/CSIC) Valencia (ES)) -
9:30
Test-beam measurements of instrumented sensor planes for a higly compact and granular electromagnetic calorimeter 15m
Highly compact and granular sandwich silicon tungsten calorimeters are proposed for all future Higgs Factories, strong-field-QED experiments and Dark Matter searches experiments. In this contribution we discuss beam test results of a prototype composed of sensor planes made of silicon pad sensors, flexible Kapton printed circuit planes for bias voltage supply and signal transport to the sensor edge, all embedded in a carbon fibre support. The thickness of a sensor plane is less than 1 mm. A dedicated readout is developed comprising front-end ASICs in 130 nm technology and FPGAs to orchestrate the ASICs and perform data pre-processing. As an alternative, GaAs are considered with integrated readout strips on the sensor. Prototypes of both sensor planes are studied in an electron beam of 5 GeV. Results will be presented on the homogeneity of the response, edge effects and cross talk between channels.
Ponente: Melissa Almanza Soto (IFIC) -
9:45
PicoCal: picosecond timing calorimeter for LHCb Upgrade II 15m
The LHCb Upgrade II aims at operating the detector at an increased luminosity of up to 1.5 x 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ to fulfill the goal of recording 300 fb$^{-1}$ of data. The corresponding increase in particle density and radiation dose requires a substantial improvement of the performance of the electronic calorimeter, specially in its central region. Additionally, the increase in pile-up will result in a more complex event profile requiring a larger effort in terms of reconstruction and noise rejection. Before Upgrade II, an enhancement of the detector is planned for LHC Long Shutdown 3, based on the R&D effort done so far, whilch will reduce the occupancy and mitigate substantial ageing effects in the central region.
PicoCal is the multi-technology calorimeter proposed to cope with the challenges of LHCb Upgrade II. The long-standing R&D efforts cover different sampling calorimeter configurations, such as Spagheti Calorimeter (SpaCal) and Shashlik. Inorganic crystal garnets are considered as scintillator for the regions with the hardest radiation environment, while organic scintillators will cover the wider regions. Also wavelength shifting (WLS) fibres are being tested to enhance the light collection process and its timing in the Shashlik configuration. Studies on the production of tungsten and lead SpaCal absober are also ongoing to achieve the Moliere radius imposed by the particle density, including casting and 3D printing processes. Additionally, extensive studies are being performed on different photomultiplier tubes (PMT) and their coupling to the scintillators and the readout system, with special emphasis on achieving a time resolution in the order of ten picoseconds to relax the reconstruction effort.
A chipset is under development to produce energy and time measurements from the PMT pulses. The energy measurement, performed by ICECAL65 ASIC, strongly relies on analog signal processing and per-channel dedicated synchronization, with differential operation to limit noise, rail-to-rail inputs and outputs to fully profit from the voltage dynamic range. On the other hand, the time measurement, covered by SPIDER ASIC, relies on fast waveform sampling using analog memories. This chipset will be hosted in a channel dense front-end board (FEB) governed by an FPGA and including an acquisition and conditioning stage to adapt and distribute the PMT signal to each ASIC.
This work covers the current status and target performance of the different elements of PicoCal. The presentation will also include testbeam results showing that an energy resolution of 10%/sqrt(E) sampling term and 1% constant term and a time resolution of 20ps are achievable with the proposed technologies.
Ponente: Jose Mazorra de Cos (IFIC)
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Characterization Techniques WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModeradores: Jordi Duarte-Campderros (IFCA (CSIC-UC)), Mª Carmen Jiménez-Ramos (Centro Nacional de Aceleradores-Sevilla)-
10:00
Caracterización de detectores altamente segmentados en la mesa de escaneado SALSA 15m
El espectrómetro AGATA (Advanced GAmma Tracking Array) es uno de los detectores con mejores prestaciones para la detección de radiación gamma hasta la fecha. Está constituido por cristales que cuentan con tecnología de segmentación eléctrica, lo que posibilita la determinación de la posición de interacción de la radiación en el detector. En efecto, el análisis de la forma de los pulsos generados en cada detección conduce a la obtención de dicha posición. A día de hoy, AGATA cuenta con bases de datos simulados que relacionan ambas magnitudes. No obstante, puesto que las simulaciones podrían limitar la resolución en posición del espectrómetro, porque las características intrínsecas del cristal condicionan la respuesta del detector, resulta necesario caracterizar los cristales de forma experimental. Dentro de la colaboración AGATA, hay varios grupos destinados a la caracterización de los detectores, cuyo objetivo es la construcción de una base de datos experimental que mejore las prestaciones del espectrómetro. Entre ellos se encuentra la Universidad de Salamanca, que propone un método de escaneado 3D por medio de SALSA (SAlamanca Lyso-based Scanning Array). Este sistema cuenta con una cámara-gamma píxelada constituida por cristales centelleadores LYSO y presenta colimación activa por las propiedades intrínsecas del haz radiactivo.
Ponente: Gala González Briz (University of Salamanca (USAL)) -
10:15
EMC characterization of physics detectors 15m
The electromagnetic characterization of physics detectors has been a primary tool used for controlling electromagnetic interference phenomena during the detector design phase and in evaluating their grounding topologies. Over the past few years, the EMC laboratory at ITA has become a transnational access facility for the electromagnetic characterization of physics detectors in EU projects such as AIDA2020 and EUROPLABS. The new requirements for future physics detectors have needed the development of new systems for conducting more sensitive, accurate and repeatable tests in the near future. This contribution provides an overview of the improvements at the ITA EMC Laboratory that have been developed within the AIDAINNOVA project to enhance support for the future generation of detectors. The enhancements made to the noise transfer function measurement system for detectors will be presented, as well as the future updates planned to support noise measurement of power supplies in radiation environments.
Ponente: Sr. Alvaro Pradas (ITA) -
10:30
The TPA-TCT method for semiconductor sensors characterizaiton 15m
The TPA-TCT (Two Photon Absorption-Transient Current Technique) is a characterization method used to investigate semiconductor devices, particularly silicon radiation detectors, with high resolution. This technique involves using lasers with a wavelength in the quadratic absorption regime to generate a confined excess charge carrier density around the focal point, enabling probing of the silicon bulk with three-dimensional resolution. TPA-TCT allows for the measurement of parameters like depletion voltage, device thickness, charge collection time, collected charge, and electric field in a three-dimensional manner.
In this contribution we will introduce the technique and illustrate its use for the characterization of several sensing technologies such as CMOS pixels, LGAD, wideband semiconductor pin diodes, etc.
Ponente: Marcos Fernandez Garcia (CSIC - IFCA) -
10:45
Integration of high temporal resolution planes into AIDA-type telescopes for Sensor Characterization 15m
AIDA telescopes are systematically employed for sensor characterization, particularly in high-energy particle physics. With their exceptionally high spatial resolution, on the order of a few microns, they serve as suitable instruments for characterizing pixelated sensors in high-energy experiments, involving the extraction of detection efficiencies, spatial resolution, and more. However, these telescopes lack any plane capable of temporal resolution. Introducing the ETROC2 chip, a 16x16 pixel matrix ASIC capable of resolving temporal distances on the order of tens of picoseconds, offers a solution. The final version of this ASIC, currently in R&D, aims to be incorporated into the future MIP Timing Detector of the CMS upgrade for the HL-LHC. We have utilized the ETROC2 mounted on LGAD sensors to construct a detection plane integrated into the AIDA telescope, enabling the characterization of sensors not only with high spatial resolution but also with high temporal resolution. In this contribution, we will explain the integration process of this spatial plane into the infrastructure of AIDA telescopes and describe the main features of this chip.
Ponente: Dr. Jordi Duarte-Campderros (IFCA (CSIC-UC)) -
11:00
Characterization of detectors using MeV ion beams at the CNA 15m
In this talk, we will first introduce briefly the infrastructure available at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), based on a Pelletron 3 MV Tandem accelerator, model 9SDH-2, from National Electrostatics Corporation (NEC) and the Cyclone 18/9 cyclotron manufactured by Ion Beam Applications (IBA, Belgium), capable of accelerating protons and deuterons to 18 and 9 MeV, respectively. These facilities are employed for different Nuclear Physics applications, as the characterization and modification of materials using ion beams, the calibration of nuclear instrumentation, the irradiation of electronic devices and the research in Medical Physics. In the following, we will describe the fundamentals of the Ion Beam Induced Current (IBIC) technique and the Time Resolved-IBIC (TRIBIC) technique, tools employed to evaluate the spectrometric and transport properties of semiconductor detectors.
In close collaboration with researchers from IMB-CSIC and I3M, many detector prototypes have been studied, such as Si microdosimeters designed for dose control in proton therapy, silicon-based low-gain avalanche detectors (LGAD) for research in high-energy physics or SiC diodes that can work at high temperature, which makes them interesting in the field of nuclear fusion. This work will show some illustrative examples of the use of characterisation techniques available at the CNA.Ponente: Dr. Mª Carmen Jiménez-Ramos (Centro Nacional de Aceleradores-Sevilla)
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Cafe 30m Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- Valencia -
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Quantum sensing WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- Valencia-
11:45
Direct detection of ultra-liight particle-like dark matter. 15m
The direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter particle poses a major experimental challenge, since the non-relativistic kinetic energy of the candidates translate into an energy transfer between the impinging particle and the target media from few millielectron-volts to few electron-volts. A low-threshold athermal phonon calorimeter concept will be introduced in this talk to cope with such challenge.
The main goal is to achieve a sensitivity such that a single athermal phonon, created by the interaction of the dark matter candidate with the target material, can be detected with very high efficiency. This last technology is also suitable for the detection of so-called bosonic dark matter, such as a dark photon, an axionlike particle or a scalar particle with masses down to 1meV.The multidisciplinary research team contributing to this proposal is coming from the IMB-CNM, ICMAB, IFCA and INMA groups, providing complementary expertise.
Ponente: Ivan Vila Alvarez (Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC))
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Gaseous: Gaseous detectors Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModerador: Yassid Ayyad (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela)-
12:00
Development of new generation Active Targets and Solenoidal Spectrometers for reactions with radioactive beams. 15m
With the rise of modern facilities dedicated to the production of radioactive beams, Active Target Time Projection Chambers have emerged as one of the preferred tools for spectroscopy. Active Targets offer unprecedented luminosity allowing direct reaction experiments with beam intensities as low as few hundreds particles per second. The FICA group at the University of Santiago de Compostela is actively involved in developing and operating several active targets, such as ACTAR (at GANIL), the ATTPC (at FRIB), and a next-generation Optical Time Projection Chamber (OTPC) for fission studies, developed by the group. This presentation delves into the key aspects and capabilities of these distinctive detectors.
Ponente: Yassid Ayyad (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela) -
12:15
Using Micromegas detectors for direct dark matter searches: challenges and perspectives 15m
The Microbulk type Micromegas technology is well-suited for low-background applications and is currently utilized in detectors for CAST and IAXO (solar axions) as well as TREX-DM (low mass WIMPs) experiments. Future challenges involve reducing intrinsic background levels, achieving lower energy detection thresholds, and addressing technical concerns such as detector robustness, innovative design considerations, exploration of new gas mixtures and operational parameters, scaling up to larger detector dimensions, managing high readout granularity, among others. In this presentation, we will discuss the current status and future prospects of Micromegas detector development within the framework of IAXO and TREX-DM experiments, pointing to promising perspectives for the use of these detectors in direct dark matter searches.
Ponente: Dr. Gloria Luzón (CAPA- University of Zaragoza)
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Scintillators and Photodetection WG Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- ValenciaModeradores: David Gascon (ICC - Universitat de Barcelona), Luis Mario Fraile (Universidad Complutense de Madrid)-
12:30
Development of scintillation detectors for nuclear physics research 15m
Nuclear physics research and applications require continuous research and development (R&D) in detection and data acquisition (DAQ) systems. The Nuclear Innovation Unit at CIEMAT covers a broad scientific program on neutron-induced reaction cross-section measurements (capture, fission, and charged particle production), $\beta$-delayed neutron emission, ($\alpha$,n) reaction studies, and is also involved in applications such as the characterization of nuclear waste and neutron dosimetry.
We have developed over the years several kinds of detectors based on scintillators. In the field of neutron detection and spectroscopy, we have designed and built the liquid scintillator-based MOdular Neutron time-of-flight SpectromeTER (MONSTER) for decay and reaction studies.
Regarding neutron capture cross-section measurements, the R&D has been focused on inorganic scintillators for calorimetry and organic scintillators for $\gamma$-ray detection. A new concept based on segmented total energy detectors, capable of operating at high counting rates, has been developed and applied successfully at the world-leading n_TOF facility at CERN. In the same line of research, the use of high-efficiency organic scintillator arrays is being revisited, for increasing the sensitivity while not degrading the overall detector performance. Last, but not least, the experience acquired in $\gamma$-ray calorimetry with inorganic scintillators is currently being applied in a research project with the nuclear industry, for the construction of a high-performance low and intermediate-level waste characterization system.
In this talk, we will present technical details on the R&D carried out and some ongoing activities in scintillation detector developments.
Ponente: Alberto Pérez de Rada Fiol (CIEMAT) -
12:45
Test of a pure LaCl3 scintillator crystal for proton-range verification 15m
In recent years, proton therapy has become a promising technique for cancer treatment. However, proton therapy still has some limitations. On the one hand, there is no accepted standard technique to verify the proton range (pRV), which implies the use of wide safety margins and, therefore, the patient receiving higher dose than necessary. On the other hand, treatment planning systems are performed with x-ray computed tomography (xCT), increasing uncertainty in the determination of relative proton stopping power (RSP) up to 5%.
The objective of the PRIDE (Proton Range and Imaging DEvice) project is to develop a novel multi-detector based scanner that integrates the solution of the two aforementioned problems by working in two modes: proton computed tomography (pCT) and proton range verification (PRV). The PRIDE multi-detector is based on two parts: The tracking detector, which consists of two DSSD detectors and is used to obtain the proton tracks and a total energy scintillator, which consists of a pure LaCl3 scintillating crystal detector and is used to measure the total energy deposited.
The work to be presented will focus on the first in-beam test of a pure LaCl3 scintillator crystal in coaxial configuration for range verification. It shows an outstanding pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capability, being able to distinguish between α, proton and γ particles. This high-quality PSD, together with its relatively high sensitivity to fast neutrons, allow us to perform neutron spectroscopy. This detector was first calibrated using an encapsulated 252Cf radioactive source and then the first tests were carried out at the CMAM accelerator facilities, where its spatial resolution for determine the Bragg peak position was quantified. With these first tests, a spatial resolution of 3 mm was obtained, which is competitive with the spatial resolutions of the techniques currently used. This very good result makes the pure LaCl3 crystal a promising candidate for applications in a mixed field that require gamma/fast neutron discrimination.
Ponente: Dr. Marcos Martinez-Roig (Instituto de Física Corpuscular, IFIC) -
13:00
New scintillation materials with neutron-gamma discrimination capability for nuclear research 15m
Novel scintillation materials are expected to open new opportunities for both fundamental nuclear-physics studies and societal applications.
In this contribution we summarize some of the recent research and developments carried out with new scintillation materials at the Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectroscopy Group of IFIC (CSIC-UV). Researched detectors focus on scintillation materials with superior neutron-gamma discrimination capabilities, high detection efficiency and fast time response.
Aiming at radiative neutron-capture experiments, we are developing a new generation of total-energy detector arrays for CERN n_TOF based on novel organic crystals of deuterated stilbene (stilbene-d12). Such developments will enable superior detection sensitivities in radiative neutron-capture cross-section measurements; they will open the possibility for (n,n) and (n,n’) measurements over broad neutron-energy ranges and will reduce neutron-induced backgrounds. Additionally, stilbene-d12 will also enable a safe handling and use of the detectors themselves, when compared to hazardous liquid C6D6 scintillators conventionally used over the last 30-40 years. Coupling these solid scintillators to SiPM photosenors represents yet a challenge, which we will tackle in the forthcoming years.
Inorganic scintillation crystals, such as CLYC6 and CLLBC, show both high neutron-gamma discrimination capability, fast timing and high gamma-ray spectroscopic resolution. We are investigating these scintillating materials as potential candidates for hybrid neutron-gamma vision concepts, with potential applications in radiation monitoring and medical physics. Developments towards neutron-gamma discrimination in position-sensitive CLYC6-SiPM based systems will be presented and discussed.Ponente: Javier Balibrea Correa (Instituto de física corpuscular IFIC) -
13:15
Instrumentation developments for beta decay studies 15m
Beta decay studies provide relevant information for nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics and practical applications. In this contribution we will cover recent developments performed by our group in collaboration with institutions from France and the UK, that aim at increasing the versatility of existing total absorption setups. We will also present new developments that aim to measure the shape of beta transitions that are important for neutrino and fundamental applications. Examples of past measurements using both techniques and the possible impact of the future ones will be discussed.
Ponente: Alejandro Algora (IFIC (CSIC-Univ. Valencia)) -
13:30
Fast scintillator detectors for nuclear structure and applications 15m
Scintillators and photodetectors for fast timing are transforming various research fields. Innovative scintillator crystals built from LaBr$_3$(Ce), co-doped LaBr$_3$ and CeBr$_3$ compounds, unite excellent time response, good energy resolution, and relatively high effective Z. They are highly advantageous for radioactive ion beam experiments, enabling fast-timing experiments that can accurately measure nuclear state lifetimes, even in the range down to tens of picoseconds. In these experiments, the lifetimes of nuclear levels are determined through fast electronic coincidences between the radiation that populates and de-excites a given nuclear level.
On the other hand, faster scintillators allow replacing the present generation of LSO or LYSO-based PET scanners, and improving the achievable time resolution for TOF-PET. Moreover, short decays times will be able to sustain higher rates enhancing the sensitivity of modern preclinical scanners.In this contribution we will discuss the instrumentation, readout electronics and the digitization methods for fast-timing measurements, and it will illustrate its use in nuclear spectroscopy experiments. We will report on the experimental investigation of the time and energy response of detectors based on inorganic scintillators with strong potential for fast timing and imaging applications, including LaBr$_3$(Ce), CeBr$_3$ and co-doped LaBr$_3$(Ce+Sr) scintillators. The performance of custom crystals, specially designed for timing measurements, is also described.
We will also address electronic readouts based on Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) which exhibit high photon detection efficiency, are insensitive to magnetic fields, and are also intrinsically fast. In this work we investigate the time and energy resolution achieved with the relatively large scintillator crystals coupled to suited SiPMs and compare them to those obtained with photomultiplier-tube readout.
We fill further discuss digital signal processing for the fast signals from the scintillator detectors. Although digital processing is gaining weight as data acquisition in multi-parameter set-ups, digital methods able to recover the excellent intrinsic time resolution of fast scintillators are still not widely available yet. We present results of digital acquisition and processing strategies, and compare them to analogue electronics. We show that digital processing using automatic processing and deep learning methods is a competitive technique for fast scintillators.
Finally, examples of the capabilities of ultrafast detectors to handle high count rates, thereby improving the performance of modern preclinical PET scanners, and applications in hadrontherapy monitoring will be provided.Ponente: Prof. Luis Mario Fraile (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) -
13:45
Understanding the nonlinear response of SiPMs 15m
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are solid-state photodetectors that are increasingly
utilized in various fields, such as high-energy physics experiments [1,2], medical
imaging and dosimetry [3,4], biophotonics [5], light detection and ranging (LiDAR)
systems [6], and more. Although SiPMs present numerous advantages over classical
photomultiplier tubes (PMT), SiPMs do also have some limitations. One of the most
important limitations is their nonlinear response, because it limits their dynamic range.
Nonlinearity in SiPMs takes place when the number of impinging photons is
comparable to the number of pixels of the device. The effect depends on the time it
takes for the overvoltage of a pixel to recover after a breakdown avalanche. For an
incident light pulse, a fraction of photons may interact with unrecovered pixels, which
have lower trigger probability and gain, resulting in a SiPM signal with lower amplitude
than expected. The pixel overvoltage can be also reduced due to the voltage drop
across the readout-circuit resistance [7]. Consequently, nonlinearity depends on the
photon rate (i.e., both the amplitude and width of the light pulse) and the recovery time
of pixels in a complex way. Additionally, SiPMs exhibit both correlated and uncorrelated
noise, further complicating their performance [8–10].
Due to the complexity of the problem, an exact analytical treatment of the nonlinear
response of SiPMs is infeasible. However, a Monte Carlo (MC) treatment can
potentially include all factors that affect SiPM performance, allowing a detailed
simulation of the response of any SiPM by utilizing appropriate input parameters. The
Matlab MC code developed by Abhinav et al [11] is especially complete, as it simulates
the triggering of breakdown avalanches from photons and noise on an individual pixel
basis, including the pixel recovering and the reduction of the pixel overvoltage due to
the voltage drop across the readout-circuit resistance.
We used this MC code to conduct a systematic analysis of the different factors affecting
the nonlinear response of SiPMs, regarding both the output charge and the signal
shape [12]. To this end, we modified the code to improve the description of the
correlated noise and the trigger probability of recovering pixels. In addition, we
implemented new light pulse shapes and a simplified electrical model to more easily
identify the main parameters on which nonlinearity depends and to understand their
role. Simulations were shown to reproduce experimental data on the output charge for
scintillation light pulses as a function of both the pulse intensity and the SiPM operation
overvoltage.
We found that the shape of the response curve is quite universal, essentially
depending on the balance between the photon rate and the pixel recovery time.
However, there are other relevant factors. When the operation overvoltage is high, the
trigger probability of a pixel recovers faster than the pixel overvoltage, reducing
nonlinearity in a similar way as if the recovery time is made shorter. We also found that
nonlinearity is stronger for pulses of finite duration than exponential-like pulses with the
same mean photon rate. Additionally, we showed that the correlated noise increases
the effective gain of the SiPM in the linear region, having a minor influence on
nonlinearity. Indeed, prompt crosstalk was found to be suppressed rapidly at increasing
photon rate. However, afterpulsing and delayed crosstalk may still be relevant for
intense light pulses because these noise components lead to a lengthening of the
output signal.
Finally, we obtained phenomenological analytical expressions that fit both simulation
and experimental results of the mean output charge for light pulses of different shapes
and arbitrary intensity over a very wide range of SiPM parameters (e.g., overvoltage,
correlated noise, and photon detection efficiency) [12]. The proposed models provide a
simple but accurate description (at the level of a few percent) of the SiPM response in
the nonlinear region, clearly showing the relationships among the many variables of the
problem.References
1. Lapington, J.S.; CTA SST Collaboration. The silicon photomultiplier-based camera
for the Cherenkov Telescope Array small-sized telescopes. Nuclear Instruments and
Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and
Associated Equipment 2023, 1055, 168433.
2. Depaoli, D.; Chiavassa, A.; Corti, D.; Di Pierro, F.; Mariotti, M.; Rando, R.
Development of a SiPM Pixel prototype for the Large-Sized Telescope of the
Cherenkov Telescope Array. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research
Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 2023,
1055, 168521.
3. Gundacker, S.; Heering, A. The silicon photomultiplier: fundamentals and
applications of a modern solid-state photon detector. Physics in Medicine & Biology
2020, 65, 17TR01.
4. Caccia, M.; Giaz, A.; Galoppo, M.; Santoro, R.; Martyn, M.; Bianchi, C.; Novario, R.;
Woulfe, P.; O’Keeffe, S. Characterisation of a Silicon Photomultiplier Based Oncological
Brachytherapy Fibre Dosimeter. Sensors 2024, 24, 910.
5. Bruschini, C.; Homulle, H.; Antolovic, I.M.; Burri, S.; Charbon, E. Single-photon
avalanche diode imagers in biophotonics: review and outlook. Light: Science &
Applications 2019, 8, 87.
6. Agishev, R.; Comerón, A.; Bach, J.; Rodriguez, A.; Sicard, M.; Riu, J.; Royo, S. Lidar
with SiPM: Some capabilities and limitations in real environment. Optics & Laser
Technology 2013, 49, 86–90.
7. Seifert, S.; van Dam, H.T.; Huizenga, J.; Vinke, R.; Dendooven, P.; Lohner, H.;
Schaart, D.R. Simulation of Silicon Photomultiplier Signals. IEEE Transactions on
Nuclear Science 2009, 56, 3726–3733.
8. Rosado, J.; Hidalgo, S. Characterization and modeling of crosstalk and afterpulsing
in Hamamatsu silicon photomultipliers. Journal of Instrumentation 2015, 10, P10031.
9. Gallego, L.; Rosado, J.; Blanco, F.; Arqueros, F. Modeling crosstalk in silicon
photomultipliers. Journal of Instrumentation 2013, 8, P05010.
10. Vinogradov, S. Analytical models of probability distribution and excess noise factor
of solid state photomultiplier signals with crosstalk. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and
Associated Equipment 2012, 695, 247–251.
11. Jha, A.K.; Van Dam, H.T.; Kupinski, M.A.; Clarkson, E. Simulating silicon
photomultiplier response to scintillation light. IEEE transactions on nuclear science
2013, 60, 336–351.
12. Moya-Zamanillo, V.; Rosado J. Understanding the nonlinear response of SiPMs.
Sensors 2024, 24, 2648.Ponente: Alejandro Pérez-Aguilera (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid) -
14:00
Design and expected performance of the LISA Radiation Monitor 15m
LISA will be the first space-based gravitational wave observatory to scan the entire sky, offering novel insights into low-frequency gravitational waves (0.1 mHz - 1 Hz). It consists of three interferometer arms, each with its own free-falling test masses (TMs). High-energy particles from the radiation environment interacting with the LISA spacecrafts can induce a net charging rate in the TMs, resulting in acceleration noise. To prevent false signals, it is important to monitor variations in the cosmic-ray flux and solar energetic particle (SEP) events. For this purpose, we have designed a Radiation Monitor capable of detecting protons and alpha particles above ~70 and ~600 MeV, respectively. It will allow monitoring variations in the cosmic-ray flux with ~1% statistical error in ~1 hour and detect the high-energy component of SEPs. This Radiation Monitor consists of a telescopic arrangement of four plastic scintillators and three W absorbers in between them. The scintillators are coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) and their readout is performed by the BETA ASIC, which can amplify, shape and digitize the signals of up to 64 channels with a power consumption of ~1mW/ch. We will present the Radiation Monitor design and the results of its performance evaluation through Geant4 simulations. In addition, we will show how the trigger system and the energy readout could be optimized to achieve spectral information of the proton flux up to ~1 GeV.
Ponente: Marina Orta-Terré (Institut de Ciències del Cosmos - Universitat de Barcelona (ICCUB)) -
14:15
The R3B-CALIFA hybrid spectrometer at FAIR 15m
The R3B -CALIFA calorimeter, is an extremely versatile device that will play a key part in the realization of full kinematics measurements at FAIR. It surrounds the target and detect the emission of γ-rays from 100 keV to 30 MeV and light-charged particles up to 700MeV/u arising from reactions induced by relativistic radioactive beams impinging on the R3B target. The particular kinematics of reactions at relativistic energies like strong forward-focusing due to the Lorentz boost and accompanying Doppler broadening and shift has to a large extent determined the geometry of the detector. Three different working conditions for CALIFA are considered:
• A high-resolution γ-ray spectrometer,
• A γ-ray calorimeter for the detection of very energetic γ-rays,
• A hybrid detector for simultaneous γ-ray and light charged particle spectrometryPonente: Olof Tengblad (IEM -CSIC)
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Network Structure: Final remarks Salón de Actos
Salón de Actos
Colegio Mayor Rector Peset
Plaza Horno de San Nicolás, 4. 46001- Valencia-
14:30
Final Remaks 15mPonentes: Ivan Vila Alvarez (Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)), giulio pellegrini (IMB-CNM-CSIC)
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