We discuss the different manifestations of the specific instanton-induced quark-quark and quark-gluon interactions in the particle physics. It is shown, for example, that the quark-quark interaction induced by instantons leads to the large contribution to the spin-spin mass splitting between hadron multiplets. The instantons can contribute also to the deep-inelastic structure functions. In this case a strong flavor and helicity dependence of the instanton-induced quark-quark and quark-gluon interaction leads to the large Gottfried and Ellis-Jaffe sum rule violation and allow us to resolve the famous "proton spin cricis" . The possible instanton mechanism for the explanation of the excess of the DIS events at large Q^2, x in the comparison with the Standard model expectation, which has been found at HERA, is also discussed.