BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//CERN//INDICO//EN BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Diseño y validación de sistema de hipoxia para experimentos en r adiobiología DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T094500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T100000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28522@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adrián Zazpe (Universidad Complutense de Madrid)\nI ntroducción. La hipoxia es una condición tumoral que dificulta la eficac ia de la radioterapia y exige modelos in vitro controlables y reproducible s. Presentamos una plataforma experimental compuesta por dos cámaras hip óxicas diseñadas y construidas in-house (una portátil y una de gran vol umen con guantes) y un modelo 1D de difusión de oxígeno para planificar y validar exposiciones hipóxicas en ensayos biológicos.\n\nMétodos. La cámara portátil permite transporte y sellado rápido y\, además\, posib ilita irradiar las muestras en su interior\, asegurando un entorno hipóxi co\; la cámara de guantes posibilita manipulación interna de las muestra s sin reoxigenación. El O₂ se monitoriza con un sensor óptico PicoO₂ y con un LuminOx integrado a Arduino/BT para registro continuo. Se ha imp lementado un modelo explícito de difusión (Fick 1D) con condición super ficial dependiente del tiempo\, que distingue una fase de purga y una de r eposo. Este código de difusión se utiliza para determinar cuánto deben permanecer las muestras dentro de la cámara (en función de la altura del medio) hasta alcanzar el nivel de O₂ objetivo. Se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de sensibilidad de los parámetros del modelo (constante de difu sión\, altura del medio y discretización espacio-temporal). Para validac ión biológica se emplearon células de cáncer de mama humano MDA-MB-231 \, que fueron irradiadas con fotones (¹³⁷Cs) con dosis entre 2.5–12. 5 Gy en condiciones de normoxia (21%O₂) e hipoxia (4%O₂) y analizadas en un ensayo clonogénico. \n\nResultados. La cámara portátil permite al canzar un nivel de hipoxia del 4% O₂ en aproximadamente 60 s y mantiene la estabilidad por más de 3h\; la cámara de guantes permite alcanzar 4%O ₂ en 1 h 41 min y asegura una estabilidad hasta 8h sin volver a gasearla . El modelo de difusión 1D reprodujo los tiempos de establecimiento de hi poxia con desviaciones menores al 5% frente a mediciones directas en el me dio (PicoO₂). En el clonogénico\, las células hipoxicas mostraron mayo r supervivencia y morfología más alargada en comparación con las en nor moxia. Se estimó un Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER) ≈1.7 y no se observa ron diferencias significativas entre las curvas de supervivencia realizada s en la cámara portátil y en la cámara con guantes\n\nConclusiones. El sistema de cámara dual\, junto con el modelo 1D\, permite generar y soste ner hipoxia fisiológica. El modelo cuantifica los tiempos de exposición en función de la altura del medio\, con concordancia \n\nhttps://indico.i fic.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28522/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28522/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Poster: The Physics of the Pupil: Age and Ethnicity Effects in Sta tic Mesopic Conditions DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T155500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28603@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: MAME DIATOU TOURE SARR (UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE M ADRID)\, CELIA SANCHEZ RAMOS (Universidad Complutense de Madrid)\, VANESA BLAZQUEZ SANCHEZ (Universidad Complutense de Madrid)\nPurpose:\nThis study aimed to compare static pupillometry under mesopic conditions between Eur opean\nand African populations\, given the limited data directly contrasti ng pupillary dimensions across\nethnic groups. Characterizing pupil diamet er is relevant in detecting ocular alterations\,\nparticularly in a multic ultural context. While age-related pupillary changes are well documented\n in Caucasian and Asian populations\, evidence in Africans is scarce. This work establishes initial\nreference values for the Senegalese population a s a starting point for further studies.\nSettings:\nData were collected at three locations: Caucasian participants at the Optometry Clinic of the\nC omplutense University of Madrid\; Afro-Europeans (AFE\, African origin but lifelong residents in\nEurope) in the Lavapiés district of Madrid\; and Africans (AFR) at Abass Ndao Hospital\, Dakar.\nThe study complied with th e Declaration of Helsinki.\nMethods:\nAnalytical cross-sectional observati onal study with 88 CAU\, 129 AFR\, and 78 AFE\, aged 18–75\nyears. All p rovided written informed consent. Static pupillometry was measured with th e Nidek\nHandyRef-K portable autorefractor-keratometer\; five measurements per participant by the same\nexaminer.\nResults:\n• Ethnic comparison: mean pupil diameters: CAU 4.67 ± 0.7 mm\; AFR 5.11 ± 1.0 mm\;\nAFE 4.44 ± 1.0 mm (p 45\nyears groups (p > 0.05). Both AFR and AFE showed signific ant differences (p 45 years.\nConclusions:\nAfricans showed larger pupil d iameters compared to Caucasians and Afro-Europeans\, between\nwhom no sign ificant differences were observed. Age had no effect in Caucasians\, while both\nAfricans and Afro-Europeans showed decreasing diameters with age. T hese findings provide\nreference data for Senegalese populations and suppo rt further cross-ethnic research.\nKey words: Axial length\, Race\, Sex\, Ocular Biometry\, Africans\, Caucasians\nReferences:\n1. Birren JE\, Caspe rson RC\, Botwinick J. Age changes in pupil size. Journal of\nGerontology. 1950\;5(3):216-21.\n2. Winn B\, Whitaker D\, Elliott DB\, Phillips NJ. Fa ctors affecting light-adapted pupil size\nin normal human subjects. Invest igative ophthalmology & visual science.\n1994\;35(3):1132-7\n3. Tekin K\, Sekeroglu MA\, Kiziltoprak H\, Doguizi S\, Inanc M\, Yilmazbas P. Static a nd\ndynamic pupillometry data of healthy individuals. Clin Exp Optom. 2018 \nSep\;101(5):659-665. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12659. Epub 2018 Jan 21. PMID: 293 5607\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28603/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28603/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Poster: EFECTO ESPECTRAL DE FILTRO SELECTIVO: CARACTERIZACIÓN COM PARATIVA ENTRE EMISIÓN DIGITAL Y REFLECTANCIA DEL PAPEL DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T154000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T154500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28602@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: CARMEN MARTIN ARANDA (UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MAD RID)\nEl uso de dispositivos digitales ha incrementado la exposición a fu entes de luz artificial con espectros distintos a los medios impresos. Muc has pantallas emiten un pico en la región azul del espectro visible(440-4 60 nm)\, inexistente en el papel bajo iluminación normal(1). La luz azul\ , por su mayor energía\, puede afectar a la fatiga ocular\, la supresión de melatonina y otros procesos biológicos(2). Para reducirla se emplean filtros de absorbancia selectiva(3). Este trabajo compara la emisión espe ctral de una pantalla digital con y sin filtro frente a la reflectancia de l papel.\nPara la caracterización espectral del papel\, se dividió un fo lio en 9 áreas y se registraron mediciones espectrofotométricas en cada una\, bajo una iluminación de 16.8cd/m² medida con luxómetro. Los valor es obtenidos se promediaron y se analizaron las longitudes de onda de 440 y 470nm principalmente.\nDe la misma forma\, la pantalla de un iPhone 13 s e dividió en 9 áreas\, realizándose mediciones en cada una con y sin fi ltro selectivo\, y con el brillo ajustado a tres niveles(mínimo\, medio y máximo). Los datos resultantes se promediaron para las mismas longitudes de onda de interés.\nLos resultados mostraron que la reflectancia del pa pel se mantuvo baja y estable en ambas longitudes de onda\, con una intens idad ≈700 cuentas\, en contraste con la pantalla digital\, cuya intensid ad de emisión se incrementó notablemente\, especialmente en 470nm\, alca nzando valores superiores a 10.000 cuentas con brillo máximo. La aplicaci ón del filtro de absorbancia selectiva redujo la intensidad emitida en es ta banda\, con descensos de alrededor del 10–20% según el nivel de bril lo\, mientras que en 440nm las diferencias fueron menores.\nLos resultados evidencian diferencia entre la emisión espectral de las pantallas digita les y la reflectancia del papel en la región de 460-470nm\, lo que refuer za la importancia de implementar medidas que limiten la exposición a esta franja del espectro durante el uso prolongado de pantallas\, en particula r cuando se utilizan con niveles altos de brillo.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.u v.es/event/8181/contributions/28602/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28602/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Production of medical radioisotopes using laser-plasma accelerator s DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T111500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T113000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28601@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jose Benlliure (IFIC (CSIC - Universitat de Valencia ))\nThe development of novel medical imaging techniques such as PET (Posit ron Emission Tomography) and SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomogr aphy) has increased the demand for nuclear radioisotopes in medical diagno stics. Currently\, the production of radioisotopes for medical imaging and treatment is primarily carried out using conventional accelerators (cyclo trons) and dedicated nuclear reactors. In the case of positron emitters us ed in PET imaging\, the current approach involves producing positron radio tracers at large facilities that are responsible for supplying radioisotop es on a regional or national scale. Due to the cost of production centres\ , accelerators\, radio-pharmacies and\, in particular\, radiation shieldin g\, the economic viability of these centres depends on mass-producing sing le doses for distribution to as many hospitals and research centres as pos sible. As a result of this regional scope\, commercial production of PET r adioisotopes is mainly limited to 18F\, which has a half-life of around 11 0 minutes and can therefore endure the time required for production\, post -processing and distribution. Consequently\, the production of a limited n umber of doses of shorter-lived radioisotopes\, such as 11C (with a half-l ife of ~20 min)\, 13N (with a half-life of ~10 min) and 15O (with a half-l ife of ~2 min)\, is generally beyond the capabilities of these facilities. \n\nOver the last few decades\, the use of ultra-short\, ultra-intense las ers for radioisotope production has been proposed as a cost-efficient alte rnative for the on-demand production of single doses of short-lived radioi sotopes. Through the target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) mechanism\, ultra-intense laser pulses (I > 10¹⁸ W/cm²) impinging on a micrometre- thick target can result in the acceleration of ion beams to energies of se veral tens of MeV. The nature and properties of this laser-induced acceler ation process overcome the main constraint of conventional production faci lities. As the laser-target interaction occurs over a micrometre-scale dis tance\, the shielding requirements are much lower than for nuclear reactor s or accelerators. Thus\, laser systems of this class become significantly more affordable for hospitals\, clinics and research centres. These facil ities could then produce radioisotopes on demand and explore shorter-lived emitters that are not currently produced.\n\nIn this talk\, we will prese nt our key accomplishments in this area. In particular\, we will demonstra te our ability to produce 11C using the 11B(p\,n)11C reaction with activat ion levels exceeding 4 MBq in a recent experiment conducted at CLPU in Sal amanca.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28601/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28601/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:PTCOG 2025 award: Mapping intratumoral heterogeneity through PET-d erived washout and deep learning after proton therapy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T083000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T090000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28517@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pablo Cabrales (Grupo de Física Nuclear and IPARCOS \, Universidad Complutense de Madrid)\nThe distribution of produced isotop es during proton therapy can be imaged with Positron Emission Tomography ( PET) to verify dose delivery. However\, biological washout\, driven by tis sue-dependent processes such as perfusion and cellular metabolism\, reduce s PET signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and limits quantitative analysis. In thi s work\, we propose an uncertainty-aware deep learning framework to improv e the estimation of washout parameters in post-proton therapy PET\, not on ly enabling accurate correction for washout effects\, but also mapping int ratumoral heterogeneity as a surrogate marker of tumor status and treatmen t response. We trained the models on Monte Carlo-simulated data from eight head-and-neck cancer patients\, and tested them on four additional head-a nd-neck and one liver patient. Each patient was represented by 75 digital twins with distinct tumoral washout dynamics and imaged 15 minutes after t reatment\, when slow washout components dominate. We also introduced "wash ed-out" maps\, quantifying the contribution of medium and fast washout com ponents to the loss in activity between the end of treatment and the start of PET imaging. Trained models significantly improved resolution and accu racy\, reducing average absolute errors by 60% and 28% for washout rate an d washed-out maps\, respectively. For intratumoral regions as small as 5 m L\, errors predominantly fell below thresholds for differentiating vascula r status\, and the models generalized across anatomical areas and acquisit ion delays. This study shows the potential of deep learning in post-proton therapy PET to non-invasively map washout kinetics and reveal intratumora l heterogeneity\, supporting dose verification\, tumor characterization\, and treatment personalization. The framework is currently being validated using phantom experiments at Clínica Universidad de Navarra\, Spain\, and clinical data at Massachusetts General Hospital\, USA. The implementation code is available at https://github.com/pcabrales/ppw.\n\nhttps://indico. ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28517/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28517/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Pick-up badges DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T093000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T101000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28757@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28757/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28757/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Closing session DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T113000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T114000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28756@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gabriela Llosá (IFIC (CSIC-UV))\nhttps://indico.ifi c.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28756/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28756/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Bridging physics\, biology\, and clinic: a forward view of UHDR ra diotherapy and VHEE FLASH DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T144500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28552@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Costanza Panaino (University of Manchester)\nhttps:/ /indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28552/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28552/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Range Verification in Particle Therapy for Preclinical Research Us ing PET DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T100000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T104500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28551@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Giulio Lovatti (Ludwig Maximilian University of Muni ch\, Department of Physics )\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contrib utions/28551/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28551/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Expanding the Toolbox for Theranostics: From Chemical Probes to Re porter Genes DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T084500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28550@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Susana Carregal Romero (CIC biomaGUNE)\nhttps://indi co.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28550/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28550/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Hacia una integración eficiente de tecnologías de imagen y terap ias por radiación en la práctica clínica DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T144500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28549@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Montserrat Carles Farina (Hospital Universitario La Fe)\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28549/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28549/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Protonterapia en la Comunidad Valenciana. ¿Cuándo y cómo? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T103000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T111500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28548@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Francisco Javier Celada Álvarez (Hospital Universit ario y Politécnico La Fe)\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contribut ions/28548/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28548/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Real-Time Proton Therapy Monte Carlo Simulations in Highly Paralle lised Systems DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T151500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T153000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28529@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Declan Garvey (Instituto de Física Corpuscular)\nW hen it comes to treating cancer in critical regions such as the brain\, pr ecision is vital\, as reducing margins of error can significantly decrease negative side effects of treatment. Due to their finite range and deposit ion profile\, protons are an ideal candidate for this sort of treatment. H owever\, this finite range of protons is both their biggest advantage and their biggest challenge\, as a minor miscalculation of penetration depth c an have severe consequences for the patient. As such\, continuous monitori ng of the proton energy deposition throughout treatment is of the upmost i mportance. A class of continuous monitoring techniques that has shown grea t promise in recent years is prompt-gamma ray detection. Prompt-gamma ray detection functions on the principle that\, as protons penetrate the patie nt\, gamma rays are emitted along their path. Currently\, this method depe nds largely on Monte Carlo simulations\, which is restricting as these sim ulations are very computationally expensive. \nIn practice\, a treatment o f ~1000 spots typically lasts a few minutes\, whereas the simulation of th is treatment typically takes several hours. In cases where the continuous monitoring results during treatment do not match the simulation\, it becom es completely impractical to re-simulate scenarios in search of the discre pancy between simulated and true treatment parameters. Therefore\, if the computation time of a single spot could be reduced to approximately one-te nth of a second\, real-time re-simulation of results would be possible. To achieve such simulation speeds\, standard Monte Carlo simulations have be en shown to be insufficient\, and as such simulation with a high degree of parallelisation is the theoretical solution.\nThe goal of this project is to provide an open source solution to this problem. The code is currently being written in SYCL (SYstem-wide Compute Language)\, a hardware-agnosti c language which creates parallelised software that can be ran on either G PU or CPU with minimal overhead. The present simulation model has shown gr eat promise in terms of computation times and accuracy when tested on a wa ter phantom. The code has shown an increase in computation speed by severa l orders of magnitude for energy deposition and depth of penetration calcu lations when compared with TOPAS\, whilst maintaining a maximal deviation of 0.5 mm in 90% drop-off position (R90) and 3 MeV for total energy deposi tion across the full treatment range. These results are thought to be impr ovable with a more complex model and the appropriate optimisations. The fu ture aim of this project is to gradually increase simulation complexity by incorporating more processes such as gamma-ray transport and detection in an external scintillation detector\, whilst maintaining code clarity and structure for possible public contributions\, and continuously simplifying user experience.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28 529/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28529/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Asamblea DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T171000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T174000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28559@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28559/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28559/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Networking DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T163000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T173000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28558@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28558/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28558/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:FLIP-HEDOS: modelo hemodinámico personalizado a cada paciente par a cuantificar dosis en sangre circulante durante tratamientos de radiotera pia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T104500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T110000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28532@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marina García-Cardosa (Universidad de Navarra)\n**I ntroducción:** La dosimetría sanguínea en radioterapia de protones o fo tones representa un desafío significativo debido al comportamiento dinám ico de la sangre como órgano a riesgo. Cuantificar con precisión la dosi s recibida por la sangre circulante de un paciente específico es esencial para poder minimizar efectos adversos en los pacientes. Por ello\, presen tamos FLIP-HEDOS\, un modelo innovador que integra el método FLIP (*FLow and Irradiation Personalized*) con la herramienta computacional HEDOS (*HE matological DOSe*).\n\n**Material y métodos:** La metodología FLIP cuant ifica la dosis que recibe la sangre circulante de un paciente específico haciendo uso de la segmentación obtenida de sus grandes vasos y el corres pondiente campo de velocidad de la sangre medido a partir de la RM de cont raste de fase. Por el contrario\, HEDOS es un modelo compartimental están dar y estocástico que simula la distribución espacio-temporal de las par tículas de sangre\, *blood particles* (BPs)\, en los órganos de todo el cuerpo. Así\, FLIP se integra como un módulo arterial y venoso específi co del paciente que considera la localización del tumor\, el caudal de lo s vasos y el volumen vascular para mantener el sistema en equilibrio. Asum iendo un volumen total sanguíneo de 5.3 L\, se discretiza en BPs de 1 mm ³. Las BPs simuladas viajan por los módulos de FLIP con un enfoque Lagra ngiano a lo largo de trayectorias de flujo definidas por el campo de veloc idad\, pero se mueven estocásticamente a través de los compartimentos de HEDOS basándose en distribuciones temporales de tránsito predeterminada s. La simulación de la distribución espaciotemporal de las BPs nos permi tió acumular la dosis en sangre\, haciendo uso del conjunto de distribuci ones 3D de dosis y de los tiempos de irradiación de los haces. La cohorte de pacientes presenta tumores en regiones de tórax-abdomen y cabeza-cuel lo.\n\n**Resultados:** FLIP-HEDOS cuantifica la dosis recibida por cada BP (Figura 1) y verifica el número de veces que una BP ha (re)visitado la v asculatura específica del paciente (Tabla 1).\n\n**Discusión:** Los resu ltados indican que\, con independencia de la modalidad de radioterapia\, s i el tumor está cerca de grandes vasos (tumor de páncreas e hígado\, Fi gura 1)\, un mayor volumen de sangre recibirá dosis superiores a un umbra l de 0.1 Gy\, lo que puede causar daños en los linfocitos. Además\, se o bservó que el número de veces que una BP visita el módulo FLIP aumenta con el tiempo total de tratamiento.\n\n**Conclusiones:** FLIP-HEDOS puede ser crucial en escenarios clínicos en los que los tumores están cerca de la vasculatura\, el volumen de los vasos circundantes es comparable al vo lumen del tumor y el tiempo total de irradiación es extenso. Este modelo podría permitir dosimetrías más precisas y personalizadas.\n\nhttps://i ndico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28532/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28532/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Mejora dosimétrica en tratamientos de radioterapia adaptativa gui ada por resonancia magnética (MRgRT) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T103000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T104500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28534@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Teresa Cuenca (Bandín)\n**Objetivo**\nLa imagen mé dica en radioterapia mejora la optimización de los tratamientos mediante adaptación off y on-line. La radioterapia guiada por resonancia magnétic a (MRgRT) supone una revolución\, permitiendo seguir el tumor en tiempo r eal. Aun así\, los sistemas actuales no permiten cuantificar la dosis rec ibida en el tumor debido a sus movimientos.\nEl objetivo es usar imágenes de un equipo de MRgRT para el seguimiento del tumor y\, mediante un proce so de re-cálculo de la dosis en nuevas geometrías deformadas y su acumul ación posterior\, estimar la dosis recibida. Esta dosis se compara con un a dosimetría en un equipo convencional.\n**Material/Métodos**\nEl equipo empleado (Elekta Unity) combina LINAC y Resonancia Magnética (RM). Media nte el algoritmo *Comprehensive Motion Management* (CMM) toma imágenes RM 2D en tiempo real (6fps) y rastrea la posición tumoral. El CMM pausa el haz si el tumor sobresale de unos márgenes establecidos (3mm en cada dire cción en el caso analizado). Las posiciones se almacenan en un fichero an alizable. Estos datos los separamos en dos secuencias: completa (movimient o completo del tumor) y restringida (dentro de márgenes).\nCon el planifi cador RayStation se generaron RM sintéticas simulando el movimiento del t umor\, deformándolo en la RM diaria con Registro Deformable (ANACONDA) a las posiciones obtenidas. Se calculó la matriz de dosis en cada RM con el planificador MONACO. Finalmente\, se acumuló la dosis recibida en cada f racción en RayStation ponderando cada RM según el tiempo que el tumor es tuvo en esa posición. Así\, calculamos la dosis recibida en el caso rest ringido (MRgRT). Esta dosis se compara con la recibida en un LINAC convenc ional\, sin adaptación ni guiado (movimiento completo).\nCon este método se analizó un sarcoma cardiaco de 68cc en el pre-tratamiento. Se realiz ó una secuencia T2 para la delimitación\, planificando una dosimetría d e 35Gy en 5 fracciones que se adaptó diariamente a los cambios anatómico s.\n**Resultados**\nLa figura 1(a) muestra las posiciones del centroide en la serie completa en una matriz de vóxeles de 1.5mm de lado del primer d ía de tratamiento\, y la 1(b) la serie restringida (margen de 3mm). El ha z estuvo activo un 69% del tiempo de irradiación.\nLas dosis obtenidas en el caso MRgRT\, figura 2(a)\, y el convencional\, figura 2(b)\, difieren en la zona posterior del tumor y próxima al esófago.\nSi comparamos hist ogramas (figura 3) del caso MRgRT (línea continua) y del convencional (l ínea discontinua)\, se observa que en el segundo la dosis en GTV sería u n 16% inferior.\n**Conclusión**\nProponemos un método para estimar la do sis recibida en una fracción con los movimientos registrados en un equipo de MRgRT. Lo hemos aplicado a un sarcoma cardíaco\, analizando la difere ncia entre dosis planificada y depositada.\nEsta herramienta evidencia que en patologías sólo visibles en RM y afectadas por movimiento interno de órganos se experimenta una degradación dosimétrica si no se aplican es trategias de adaptación y guiado por imagen.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es /event/8181/contributions/28534/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28534/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Development of Compton camera imaging and dosimetry techniques for radionuclide therapies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T110000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T110500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28539@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Matthew Strugari (IFIC/CSIC)\nTargeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) with alpha-emitters is rapidly gaining importance in oncolog y due to the high linear energy transfer and short range of alpha particle s\, enabling effective tumour control while sparing healthy tissue. Howeve r\, accurate dosimetry remains a major challenge\, as conventional nuclear medicine imaging is not optimized to determine radionuclide distributions from high-energy photons commonly associated with alpha decay. In therano stics\, $^{212}$Pb has seen increasing therapeutic use due to its favourab le chemistry\, half-life\, and decay properties\, but dosimetry relies on $^{203}$Pb as an imaging surrogate\, providing an indirect and limited est imate of the true $^{212}$Pb biodistribution. This work investigates the f easibility of Compton camera imaging for TRT verification with improved ac curacy.\n\nThe IRIS group has developed imaging and dosimetry methods for radiotherapy applications using the MACACO III+ Compton camera\, which is well-suited for high-energy photons. A model of the camera has been implem ented in GATE 10\, enabling efficient simulations with recent GATE feature s. To support correlation of detected photons and absorbed dose\, dose poi nt kernels for the $^{212}$Pb decay chain were calculated with 1E6 primari es in a 13.38$\\\,$mm water sphere\, equal to 1.2$\\times$ the CSDA range of the maximum-energy $\\beta^-$ emission. The therapeutic range $X_{90}$ was defined as the radius containing 90% of energy deposited\, and emissio n profiles were benchmarked with NuDat 3.0.\n\nFollowing $^{212}$Pb disint egration\, decays of $^{212}$Bi and $^{212}$Po contributed ~95% of the tot al energy deposited. The full decay chain deposited 8.9$\\\,$MeV/decay on average with a therapeutic range of $X_{90}\\\,$=$\\\,$0.091$\\\,$mm. Indi vidual contributions from $^{212}$Pb\, $^{212}$Bi\, $^{212}$Po\, and $^{20 8}$Tl yielded $X_{90}$ values of 0.41$\\\,$mm\, 1.8$\\\,$mm\, 0.086$\\\,$m m\, and 5.8$\\\,$mm\, respectively\, highlighting that dose is dominated b y $^{212}$Po decay and accurate reconstruction of radionuclide distributio ns requires high-resolution imaging. Furthermore\, discriminating the 727$ \\\,$keV photons (6.7% intensity) in the $^{212}$Bi to $^{212}$Po branch f rom abundant $^{208}$Tl photons can help distinguish $\\alpha$ and $\\beta ^-$ decay pathways\, supporting precision dosimetry. Photon intensity hist ograms (photons/decay) showed excellent agreement with NuDat 3.0 and singl e-source GATE simulations. However\, initializing multiple sources to esta blish transient equilibrium uncovered a GATE timing issue that condensed e missions into the acquisition window\, inflating apparent count rates and potentially biasing activity and dose estimates.\n\nFuture work will addre ss the GATE timing issue and establish correlations between Compton camera images and absorbed dose. Once validated\, the recent Photon from Ion Dec ay (PHID) source will be used to efficiently simulate photon emission with out tracking charged particles. This approach is expected to accelerate Co mpton camera studies and support robust dosimetry in TRT with alpha-emitte rs\, ultimately contributing to more precise and clinically viable treatme nt verification.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/285 39/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28539/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Dosimetric Impact of the Interplay Effect between the Proton Beam and Tumor Motion DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T093000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T094500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28518@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alba Meneses-Felipe ((1) Department of Physics and A pplied Mathematics\, University of Navarra. )\nIntroduction: Pencil beam s canning (PBS) is one of the main delivery techniques in proton therapy (PT ). A narrow proton beam irradiates the tumor layer by layer\, delivering d ose to specific locations (spots) within each layer. However\, PBS is high ly sensitive to uncertainties\, making the treatment of moving targets in PT especially challenging due to respiratory motion. The interplay effect\ , caused by the relative motion between the tumor and the scanning beam\, can degrade the delivered dose and reduce treatment effectiveness. The mai n objective of this study is to accurately determine the dose received by moving tumors by quantifying the dosimetric impact of the interplay effect .\nMaterial and Methods: A planning computed tomography (pCT)\, in which t he treatment dose is planned\, and a 4D-CT\, consisting of eight CT images corresponding to different respiratory phases\, were used to evaluate tum or motion. A stochastic model based on the compact HITACHI synchrotron was employed to predict the proton beam temporal structure. After determining the delivery time of each spot in the treatment plan\, we can assign spot s to each of the eight respiratory phases depending on the phase in which irradiation begins\, and the patient’s respiratory frequency. The freque ncy was varied between 5\, 12 and 20 breaths per minute (bpm)\, and the in itial respiratory phase was randomized for each treatment session/fraction across 100 simulations per frequency. The treatment plan dose was compute d for each phase according to the spot distribution and summed on the pCT. \nResults: Variability in delivery times and frequency influences layer d eposition within the tumor (Figure 1)\, resulting in regions receiving hig her doses (layers overlap\, in red) or lower doses (layers are separated\, in blue). Multiple (30) treatment sessions help mitigate the dosimetric i mpact of different starting respiratory phases (Figure 2). Higher frequenc ies reduce the interplay effect\, especially when fewer (3) sessions are u sed\, with standard deviations (SD) over 100 simulations in the tumor of ±0.43 Gy (5 bpm)\, ±0.20 Gy (12 bpm)\, and ±0.13 Gy (20 bpm).\nConclusi on: Interplay between motion and dynamic beam delivery in PBS-PT degrades the dose distribution and can compromise the absorption of the prescribed dose in the tumor. Understanding the beam’s temporal structure\, which d epends on the proton accelerator\, and considering tumor motion\, frequenc y\, and number of treatment fractions\, are critical for accurately determ ining the dose delivered to each tumor.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event /8181/contributions/28518/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28518/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Primeros mapas microdosimétricos en protonterapia en el DCPT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T091500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T093000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28521@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Celeste Fleta (IMB-CNM)\nRecientemente\, se han repo rtado algunas toxicidades en la terapia con protones [1–2]. Esto podría deberse a que los protones generan una mayor transferencia lineal de ener gía (LET) al final de su rango\, lo que puede generar daños colaterales\ , como efectos agudos y tardíos. Por esto\, evaluar las distribuciones de LET podría ayudar a mejorar los resultados de la terapia.\n\nEn este con texto\, el Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM) ha diseñado y f abricado nuevos detectores de silicio 3D [3]\, basados en una novedosa arq uitectura de electrodos cilíndricos con tamaños microscópicos comparabl es a los de las células (15-25 μm). Esto permite cuantificar el LET a es cala micrométrica\, es decir\, la energía lineal. El sistema desarrolla do es el primer conjunto de estos microdetectores 3D\, con una matriz de 3 × 3 celdas unitarias y un espaciamiento de 200 μm entre ellas\, cubrien do un área total sensible a la radiación de 0.4 mm × 12 cm\, con una re solución espacial de 600 μm [4].\n\nSe realizaron pruebas de microdosime tría con esta matriz de sensores en el Danish Center for Particle Therapy (DCPT). Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en diferentes configuraciones : desde una condición relativamente monoenergética –la meseta de entra da–\, pasando por la parte media del SOBP\, hasta el borde distal del SO BP –al 75% y 95% de la dosis–. Para obtener estas posiciones en los es pectros\, se utilizaron fantomas de agua sólida. Asimismo\, se empleó un fantoma antropomórfico con un campo clínico específico (Figura 1). Ade más\, se realizaron simulaciones Montecarlo (MC) basadas en TOPAS [5] par a su comparación con los resultados experimentales.\n\nSe registraron esp ectros de energía de microdosimetría en cada caso (Figura 2)\, y los val ores experimentales promedio de energía lineal por dosis (¯yD) en los de tectores de silicio se compararon con los valores de LETd simulados para e l paciente mediante el software RayStation\, así como con los valores de las simulaciones (Figura 3).\n\nEstos resultados demuestran\, por primera vez\, la viabilidad de cuantificar mapas de energía lineal de microdosime tría en condiciones clínicas. Esta matriz de sensores puede ser una herr amienta poderosa para verificar los valores de LETd simulados por RaySearc h.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28521/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28521/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Radiation-Hard Silicon Carbide Dosimeters for Electron and Proton FLASH QA DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T090000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251029T091500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28526@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Celeste Fleta (Instituto de Microelectrónica de Bar celona\, IMB-CNM (CSIC))\nThe central challenge in radiotherapy (RT) is to deliver a sufficiently high dose to achieve tumour control while sparing healthy tissues. FLASH RT\, which delivers radiation at ultra-high dose ra tes (≥40 Gy/s) compared with conventional RT (≈0.05 Gy/s)\, has emerge d as a promising approach. Preclinical studies have shown that FLASH reduc es toxicity in normal tissues while preserving or even improving tumour co ntrol. It also shortens treatment times\, reducing the impact of patient a nd organ motion. However\, the clinical translation of FLASH RT requires n ew dosimetry solutions\, since conventional detectors saturate\, lose line arity\, or degrade rapidly under ultra-high dose rate conditions.\nSilicon carbide (SiC) is a promising semiconductor material to address these need s. Compared to silicon\, SiC has a wide bandgap that reduces leakage curre nt and noise\, a higher displacement energy threshold that increases radia tion hardness\, and lower signal yield per unit dose\, which prevents satu ration at very high instantaneous dose rates. Nowadays\, SiC technology is mature\, with reproducible wafer-scale fabrication. \nAt IMB-CNM (CSIC)\, 4H-SiC PiN diodes have been designed and fabricated specifically for FLAS H RT applications. Their performance has been validated in different facil ities and radiation conditions. At PTB (Germany)\, the devices showed line arity up to 11 Gy per pulse (≈4 MGy/s) with 20 MeV electron beams and a performance comparable to PTW’s flashDiamond. At CMAM (Spain)\, the diod es showed reproducible\, linear response to 7 MeV protons up to 26 Gy per pulse. In addition\, radiation hardness experiments at CNA (Spain) demonst rated that\, after an initial sensitivity loss of ~1.3%/kGy\, stability wa s reached near 1 MGy of 2 MeV protons\, with linear response preserved up to cumulative doses of at least 4 MGy. All measurements were performed wit hout external bias\, like conventional silicon diodes are used in clinical settings\, meaning no adaptation of existing workflows would be required. \nIn parallel\, pixelated SiC arrays have been produced for spatially reso lved dosimetry. A 12-pixel array was fabricated and tested with 7 MeV elec trons at the Institut Curie (France). The array produced accurate 2D dose maps at 10 Gy per pulse\, demonstrating the feasibility of SiC arrays for real-time QA under FLASH conditions. Efforts are currently underway to sca le up the pixellated system to a larger array of 400 channels with a custo m readout electronics for broader clinical and preclinical applications.\n \nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28526/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28526/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Out-of-field thermal neutron characterization with thin 3D-silicon detectors in Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Synergy LINACs DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T162500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T164000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28516@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Felipe Eduardo Zamorano Labbe (Instituto de Microele ctrónica de Barcelona)\nOperating medical linear accelerators (LINACs) ab ove 6 MV generates unwanted neutrons through (γ\,n) interactions with hig h-Z materials in the accelerator head. These secondary neutrons contribute additional dose to healthy tissues and may lead to late-onset adverse eff ects [1]. Moreover\, the neutron yield shows high variability\, depending on several factors\, e.g.\, LINAC model\, beam energy\, and delivery modal ity. Consequently\, real-time\, patient-specific neutron characterization is essential for accurate assessment of secondary exposure and for optimiz ed radiation safety measures. \nTo address this challenge\, IMB-CNM has de veloped an ultra-thin (20 μm) neutron sensor based on silicon with an inn ovative 3D architecture coupled to a (45 ± 5) μm thick ¹⁰B-enriched c onversion layer to quantify thermal neutron fields. The ultra-thin active volume provides a high gamma-rejection factor (>10⁻⁸)\, crucial for is olating neutron signals in high-gamma-ray environments. Custom readout ele ctronics enabled online acquisition.\nReal-time thermal neutron contributi ons were measured in two treatment rooms comparing two widely used LINACs —Varian TrueBeam and Elekta Synergy—operated with flattened (FF) 15 MV X-ray beams and 10×10 cm² field size. Measurements were compared agains t PHITS Monte Carlo simulations using an extended 15 MV TrueBeam head mode l that\, for the first time\, includes detailed head shielding and was val idated with PDD data (TPR20\,10 difference \n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/e vent/8181/contributions/28516/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28516/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterization and Monte Carlo Modelling of ElectronFlash LINAC at Institute Curie DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T164000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T165500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28524@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Angela Maria Henao Isaza (Instituto de Microelectr ónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM))\nThe electron LINAC ElectronFlash installed at the Institut Curie (France) is dedicated to the investigation of the F LASH effect on pre-clinical trials and radiobiology studies [1]. The accur ate beam characterization is essential for a proper dose calibration. Alth ough a few dosimeters operate under FLASH conditions\, e.g.\, diamond [2]\ , ultra-thin ionization chambers (UTIC) [3]\, and SiC-based detectors [4]\ , Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are a complementary tool for estimating dos es in scenarios where those dosimeters can have a limited use.\nThis study aims to present the experimental and simulated characterization of the El ectronFlash Linac for both FLASH and conventional modalities using a set o f dosimeters and MC simulations. \nIrradiations were performed at 7 MeV\ , with 0.5 – 5 μs pulse widths\, and up to 250 Hz with different poly m ethyl methacrylate (PMMA) applicators. The experimental setup consisted i n a PTW Water Phantom and a PEEK plastic collimator designed for irradiati ng mouse lungs (Fig. 1\, left). The absolute dosimetry was made with Radio chromic EBT3 films\, a PTW FlashDiamond\, and UTIC to characterize the per centage depth dose (PDD) in that water tank (Fig. 2\, left). The scatter f actors were evaluated with new SiC detectors designed and fabricated at IM B-CNM. The beam FWHMs were also quantified with the radiochromic films. We used the open-source GATE MC (vs 10.0.2) to model the beamline starting f rom the experimental data gathered using the dosimeters mentioned above. S imulations were run in the computational cluster TIRANT v4. \nConsideri ng the experimental work\, the PDDs obtained showed loss of electron equil ibrium at the beginning of the curve and non-negligible differences betwee n FLASH and conventional modalities (Fig 1\, right). Additionally\, there was a significant difference (43%) in the FWHMs between these two modaliti es\, which suggests notable differences in the beam configuration for each one. The scatter factors evaluated with SiC diodes were in good agreement with those from flashDiamond. Interestingly\, these PDDs yielded an incre ase of electron energy compared to the previous PDD reported [3]\, which r einforce the need to model the LINAC. Regarding the MC study\, the simulat ed PDD showed an excellent agreement with the experimental measured (Fig 2 \, right) validating the accuracy of the MC modelling. This enables calcul ate the dose distributions in cases where the dosimeters cannot easily be used\, e.g.\, for small field sizes or large dose gradients. \nThis work shows the first comparison of experimental dose distributions with those o btained with accuracy MC model of the electronFLASH LINAC at Inst. Curie.\ n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28524/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28524/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Microtrack: the new Geant4 example for calculations on microdosime try. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T165500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T171000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28533@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Miguel Galocha-Oliva (Universidad de Sevilla)\nThe s patial distribution of energy deposition events produced by the different types of ionizing radiation is a key factor to determine their radiobiolog ical effects at the cellular scale. The theoretical framework provided by microdosimetry has been widely employed to describe these stochastic inter actions\, particularly in studies addressing the characterization of Linea r Energy Transfer (LET) and Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of ion beams in the context of hadron therapy. Such quantities are typically cal culated through Monte Carlo simulations. \n\nTo fulfill the purpose of cal culating these energy distributions\, a new track-structure Monte Carlo ap plication has been developed to incorporate it as a new Geant4-DNA example of the Geant4 toolkit. The code\, named Microtrack\, is designed to study the energy deposition in spherical sensitive volumes\, known as sites\, w hose diameter sizes may vary from nanometer to micrometer scale. These sen sitive volumes are sampled within a cubic water volume. This geometry is d efined by two input parameters: the site radius and the maximum electron r ange. \n\nA flexible primary generator controls particle type (protons by default)\, energy\, and beam source position\, enabling reproducible irrad iation setups relevant to microdosimetry\, LET and RBE studies. \n\nScorin g is implemented through a dedicated sensitive detector that records per-s tep energy deposition and aggregates event-level observables. Simulation o utputs are handled by the Geant4 analysis manager and written to a ROOT fi le\, containing useful histograms for the aforementioned studies\, includi ng distributions of single-event energy imparted up to the second moment t o calculate weighted quantities such as dose-mean lineal energy. \n\nMicro track emphasizes transparency and flexibility: default options\, such as t he volume material\, particle\, beam energy\, or physics list\, can be mod ified through Messenger classes and macro files\, while multithreading ena bles faster simulations by distributing runs across multiple threads and m erging results. \n \nIn summary\, the future Geant4-DNA example Microtrack constitutes a versatile Monte Carlo tool for the calculation of microscop ic energy deposition patterns and assists research on microdosimetry for h adron therapy.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28533 / LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28533/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Shielding calculations for a low energy proton linac DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T161000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T162500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28541@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Amaia Villa Abaunza (TEKNIKER)\nIn the last years th ere is an increasing demand for advanced medical treatments\, a field wher e particle accelerators play a crucial role. However\, their availability is significantly limited due to high maintenance and operational costs\, o n the one hand\, and the need for advanced technology and highly skilled p ersonnel for their design and construction\, on the other. The main goal o f the project LINAC7 is to face these limitations with the design\, fabric ation and testing of a low energy proton accelerator. For this\, all the c omponents of the accelerator are being developed by the personnel involved in the project and\, once constructed\, the accelerator will serve for tr aining students as well as for research studies.\nIn the current design\, two experimental stations are to be constructed\, one for protons with 3 M eV and other for protons with 7 MeV. In the first case\, a 7Li target is a imed to be used for neutron production for different research purposes. In the second case\, irradiation of different materials\, such as cell cultu res\, and studies related with radioisotope generation are expected. Apart from that\, a beam stop for beam characterization will be placed at the e nd of a third line. \nThe accelerator will be installed in the university of the Basque Country and its shielding design must guarantee adequate dos e rate values in the surrounding areas in beam-on and beam-off conditions. The present work considers the above-mentioned applications to calculate the radiation that will be generated and the shielding needs. Moreover\, a portable neutron source that will also be located in the room has been ta ken into account. \nThe tools used for the calculations are the MCNP6.2 fo r radiation transport and the ACAB-2008 software to determine the radioiso tope inventory resultant from the activation of the materials. The startin g shielding configuration has been defined based on the literature\, and i ts optimization consists of an iterative process in which the geometry and type of the attenuating materials is modified basing on the dose rate val ues calculated in detectors positioned out from the accelerator room\, for beam-on conditions\, and in detectors located inside\, for beam-off condi tions. The plans of the building have been considered to obtain realistic results.\nThe final solution consists of three different shieldings\, one of them moveable to be used for the portable neutron source and for the ta rget station aimed for neutron generation. Highly efficient attenuating ma terials\, such as lead for gammas and polyethylene for neutrons\, allowed for a more compact design. Moreover\, reduction of the iron quantity in th e external layer reduces dose values in beam-off conditions.\nIn conclusio n\, different shielding designs that guarantee dose rates below the limit have been calculated and the next step is to discuss aspects related to fa brication and present the proposal to the CSN to advance with the construc tion of the setup.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/2 8541/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28541/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:gVirtualXray for X-ray imaging simulations and education DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T153000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T153500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28515@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alberto Corbi (Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR))\n# gVirtualXray for X-ray imaging simulations and education\n\ngV irtualXray is an open-source library designed to simulate X-ray images in real time using the power of the GPU. Its core relies on the Beer–Lamber t law to model the absorption of photons by three-dimensional objects\, su ch as polygon meshes. This project has received numerous awards and recogn itions related to its use in education and *digital twins*\, including the recent Dirk Bartz Prize for Visual Computing in Medicine and Life Science s\, granted among others to the authors of this presentation (Vidal\, 2025 ).\n\n# Technical Foundation and Design\n\ngVirtualXray is based on the fo llowing technical principles:\n\n- Implemented in C++ and using OpenGL/GLS L\, gVXR offers compatibility with both legacy and modern OpenGL implement ations\, without relying on deprecated functions.\n- Employs the Beer–La mbert law model\, in both monochromatic and polychromatic versions\, ideal for emulating X-ray tube sources and synchrotron radiation.\n- It is cros s-platform: works on Windows\, Linux\, and macOS\, and can even run on mac hines without GPUs\, albeit with lower performance.\n- Scalability is rema rkable: from Raspberry Pi to supercomputers and cloud environments (such a s Google Colab)\, and even Docker containers.\n- Available as a core C++ l ibrary. To facilitate usage in other languages\, there is SimpleGVXR\, a l ayer that adds wrappers for Python\, R\, Ruby\, Tcl\, C#\, Java\, and GNU Octave.\n- In addition\, it provides a JSON configuration format to simpli fy simulation creation\, especially in Python environments.\n- Comes with demos\, documentation\, tutorials\, and support through its website and re positories (SourceForge\, GitHub).\n\n# Validation and Accuracy\n\nBeyond its reputed use as a software product\, gVirtualXray has been academically discussed in several publications such as Vidal et al. (2017) and Corbi e t al. (2024). Moreover:\n\n- Its accuracy has been validated against class ical tools such as VXI\, Geant4 (from CERN)\, and real experimental data.\ n- A recent comparative study against Monte Carlo (MC) simulations showed spectacular results: mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.12%\; zero -mean normalized cross-correlation (ZNCC) of 99.96%\; structural similarit y index (SSIM) of 0.99\; with execution times of milliseconds compared to days with MC.\n- It was also evaluated with digitally reconstructed radiog raphs (DRRs)\, computed tomography (CT) slices\, and real radiographs\, co nfirming high-fidelity comparability.\n\n# Applications and Uses\n\nThe ap plications of gVirtualXray are diverse and multidisciplinary:\n\n- Educati on: in medical simulators and teaching tools for particle physics and engi neering (Corbi et al.\, 2019). This makes it an ideal educational tool\, a s it enables interactive teaching of X-ray physics\, training in medical s imulators (including virtual reality and haptic interfaces)\, generation o f synthetic data for AI\, safe experimentation without real radiation\, an d exploration of clinical and diagnostic scenarios\, all with support for multiple programming languages and accessible web environments.\n- Medical research: simulation of respiratory motion\, CT artifacts\, image reconst ruction and image/image registration (Pointon et al.\, 2023).\n- Materials science: micro-CT\, artifact analysis\, optimization in reverse engineeri ng.\n- Machine Learning: generation of synthetic images for training or op timization.\n- Virtual reality and interactive environments: real-time sim ulation with deformations and animations.\n\n# Recognitions\n\nAs mentione d earlier\, gVirtualXray has been presented and awarded at multiple events and conferences:\n\n- Ken Brodlie Award at Theory and Practice of Compute r Graphics (2009).\n- Second place in Eurographics Medical Prize for medic al graphics innovation (2009).\n- Best Poster Award at dXCT (2022).\n- Cos ec Impact Award for advances in Digital Twins of XCT scanners\, with a ful ly open virtual workflow (2023).\n- The Dirk Bartz Prize for Visual Comput ing in Medicine and Life Sciences (2025).\n\n# Conclusion\n\ngVirtualXray is a powerful X-ray image simulation library that combines scientific accu racy with speed\, thanks to its GPU implementation. It is accessible to de velopers and researchers due to its cross-platform compatibility and wrapp ers in multiple languages. Rigorously validated and adopted in education\, medicine\, materials science\, ML\, and interactive simulation\, the proj ect remains active and recognized for its technical\, scientific\, and edu cational contributions. In the context of the V RSEF/IFIMED Conference\, a brief and outreach-oriented presentation of the tool will be delivered\, showcasing its potential and wide range of applications\, with an emphasis on its educational use.\n\n# References\n\n- Vidal\, F. P.\, et al. (2017 ). gVirtualXRay: Virtual x-ray imaging library on GPU. In *Computer Graphi cs and Visual Computing*.\n- Corbi\, A.\, Burgos\, D.\, Vidal\, F.\, Albio l\, F.\, Albiol\, A. (2019). X-ray imaging virtual online laboratory for e ngineering undergraduates. *European Journal of Physics*.\n- Pointon\, J. L.\, Vidal\, F. P.\, et al. (2023). Simulation of X-ray projections on GPU : Benchmarking gVirtualXray with clinically realistic phantoms. *Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine*.\n- Corbi\, A.\, Vidal\, F.\, et al. (2024). X-ray simulations with gVXR as a useful tool for education\, data analysis\, set-up of CT scans\, and scanner development. In *Developments in X-Ray Tomography XV*.\n* Vidal\, F.\, Albiol\, F.\, Albiol\, A.\, Corbi \, A.\, et al. (2025). X-ray simulations with gVirtualXray in medicine and life sciences. In *Eurographics Conference on Visualization (EUROVIS 2025 )*. The Eurographics Association.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/ contributions/28515/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28515/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:X-ray fluorescence imaging for breast cancer characterization and treatment DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T151500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28544@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Siddharth Parashari (Instituto de Física Corpuscula r)\nX-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) is an emerging molecular imaging tech nique that combines high sensitivity with high spatial resolution\, offeri ng significant penetration depth in tissues while minimizing ionizing radi ation exposure compared to current methods. This makes XFI a promising too l for early cancer detection and personalized treatment. The “Integrated Molecular Imaging for Personalized Biomarker-based Breast Cancer Characte rization and Treatment (IMMPRINT)” project aims to develop a proof-of-pr inciple (POP) demonstrator that leverages X-ray fluorescence computed tomo graphy (XFCT) as a novel hybrid modality for tumor profiling\, with a focu s on breast cancer (BC). Within IMMPRINT\, specifically engineered and tar geted nanoparticles\, such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs)\, will be employed to identify distinct signatures of intra and inter – tumor heterogeneit y in BC. The sensors chosen for the POP are the pnCCD sensors produced by MPI HLL in Munich. To support system development\, Monte Carlo simulations are being performed on a tumor – bearing mouse model loaded with GNPs\, using the GEANT4 simulation toolkit. Fluorescence photons are generated w hen GNPs are excited by incident X-rays and detected with a silicon detect or. Simulation results that outline critical parameters for detector devel opment and system design will be presented.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/e vent/8181/contributions/28544/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28544/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Whole-body dose computation system developed for the HARMONIC pati ent database DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T144500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T150000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28545@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lorenzo Brualla (IFIC\, CSIC-UV)\nObjective: The qua ntitative relationship between dose delivered outside the treated volume a nd stochastic effects is not well understood\, although epidemiological ev idence supports the hypothesis that low to moderate doses of ionizing radi ation are associated with measurable excess risk of several types of cance r. Current studies of second primary cancer after radiotherapy demand the possibility of computing whole-body dose distributions on patients treated with modern photon and proton external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) technique s.\nMethods: In the framework of the Horizon Euratom HARMONIC project a da tabase of pediatric modern radiotherapy patients\, treated with photon or proton EBRT\, was created. This database stores for each patient DICOM-RT computed tomography images and treatment plans. The whole-body dose comput ation requires a patient geometry in which to compute the corresponding do se distribution. A software developed within HARMONIC was employed for tha t purpose using anthropomorphic phantoms. For the computation of the whole -body absorbed dose distribution in photon treatments\, the Monte Carlo sy stem PRIMO was used\, while proton treatments were computed with the Monte Carlo code TOPAS/Geant4 . The imaging whole-body dose associated with dia gnostic and positioning procedures during therapy was also computed with t he Monte Carlo code PENELOPE. The developed codes and geometries were expe rimentally validated by means of an anthropomorphic pediatric material pha ntom (ATOM) irradiated with the considered therapeutic and imaging procedu res.\nResults: Out-of-field organ equivalent dose of proton therapy is up to two orders of magnitude lower when compared to modern photon therapy. A s an example\, for a brain glioma treatment\, with a total target dose of 50.4Gy(RBE)\, it was found that the organ doses from the proton treatment ranged between 0.6 mSv (testes) and 120 mSv (thyroid)\, while for photon t herapy (IMRT) 43 mSv (testes) and 575 mSv (thyroid). Dose delivered by pla nning CT ranged between 0.01 mSv (testes) and 72 mSv (scapula)\, while for the 28 fractions\, the imaging procedure for positioning (CBCT) yielded d oses ranging between 56 uSv (testes) and 36 mSv (thyroid).\nConclusions: T he developed and validated code systems for dose computation have shown to be suitable for the computation of whole-body dose distributions of patie nts stored in the HARMONIC database. The lower out-of-field dose of proton treatments respect to equivalent photon irradiations results in the fact that the imaging dose from diagnostic and positioning procedures becomes s ignificant in proton therapy. This research is the result of the work cond ucted at the West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen\, the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre\, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commi ssion\, the University Hospital Essen\, the University Hospital of Zürich and the Institut Gustave Roussy.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/ contributions/28545/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28545/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Compton imaging for dose monitoring in boron neutron capture thera py DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T110000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T111500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28538@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pablo Torres-Sánchez (Instituto de Física Corpuscu lar (CSIC-UV))\nBoron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is an experimental fo rm of radiotherapy that uses boron\, injected to the patient within a targ et molecule that accumulates selectively in cancerous cells. This therapy exploits the large boron neutron capture cross-section to deliver a target ed dose from neutron irradiation. BNCT has shown great promise with the ad vent of accelerator-based technologies\, which facilitate high-quality neu tron beams in clinical environments [1]. \n\nOne of the primary challenges in current BNCT is the accurate determination of the dose delivered to th e patient. The state-of-the-art method uses simple extrapolations from pre vious PET scans and online monitoring of boron concentration in blood. Sin ce neutron captures in boron produce 478 keV gamma rays\, this radiation c ould be potentially used for real-time dose monitoring. To date\, the main challenges remain dealing with very intense radiation fields that generat e large count rates above detector reach\; and in achieving enough boron s ensitivity to image the boron in the tumor (65 ppm) above the overall boro n in nearby tissues (18 ppm)\, on top of the strong background induced by harsh neutron and gamma ray fields generated during the treatments\; while attaining the spatial resolution required and moving towards true online capabilities during treatment.\n\nThe i-TED Compton Camera array\, origina lly designed for nuclear physics measurements of astrophysics interest\, h as expanded into medical physics through ion-range monitoring in HT [2]\, and further aiming now at BNCT [3]. Its large efficiency design and low ne utron sensitivity make i-TED especially well suited for this task.\n\nThis contribution will present the adaptations of the original i-TED imager\, to optimize its performance for BNCT dosimetry. In this context\, we requi re the use of pixelated detectors in order to cope with the very large cou nt rates present in these treatments. We will discuss the characterization and implementation of a first pixelated crystal and its integration in th e i-TED module and data process pipeline. Additionally\, since BNCT requir es imaging of large body regions\, we have integrated LM-MLEM algorithms t o enable 3D image reconstruction. For that purpose\, we have developed in our lab a tomographic Compton-PET-capable rotatory system using i-TED mod ules.\n\nReferences\n[1] K. Hirose et al.\, “Boron neutron capture thera py using cyclotron-based epithermal neutron source and borofalan (10B) for recurrent or locally advanced head and neck cancer (JHN002): An open-labe l phase II trial”\, Rad. & Onc. Vol 155\, pp. 182-187\, (2021)\n[2] J. B alibrea-Correa et al.\, “Hybrid compton-PET imaging for ion-range verifi cation: a preclinical study for proton\, helium\, and carbon therapy at HI T”\, The Eur. Phys. Jour. Plus\, Volume 140\, 870 (2025) \n[3] P. Torres -Sánchez et al.\, “The potential of the i-TED Compton camera array for real-time boron imaging and determination during treatments in Boron Neutr on Capture Therapy”\, App. Radiat. Isot. 217\, 111649 (2025)\n\nhttps:// indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28538/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28538/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Proton Range Verification Using a Multidetector Setup: Preliminary Results from the PRIDE Project DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T113000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T114500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28536@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Carolina Fonseca Vargas (IFIC-UV)\nThe PRIDE project (Proton Range and Imaging Device) aims to integrate a proton computed tom ography (pCT) scanner and a proton range verification (pRV) detector into a single device for proton therapy. Our collaboration has carried out exte nsive work on pCT with experiments taking place in June and December 2022 at the Krakow CCB facility.\nProton range verification (pRV) consists of determining the proton range in a patient during treatment by inferring th e Bragg peak position from the detection of scattered secondary radiation. In February 2025\, we performed measurements at the Krakow CCB facility t o evaluate the components of our setup\, using water and PMMA phantoms\, a nd varying the beam energies between 70 and 160 MeV. Two independent measu rements were carried out: one with a non-commercial\, pure LaCl3 crystal p roviding excellent neutron-gamma discrimination in a coaxial configuration for independent detection of forward-emitted gamma rays and neutrons\, an d another with a position-sensitive plastic scintillator combined with two double-sided silicon strip detectors for the detection of laterally scatt ered neutrons and protons.\nIn this work\, we present a preliminary analys is of the experimental results and discuss their relevance for the develop ment of the integrated PRIDE device\, and compare them with Monte Carlo si mulations for validation.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contribu tions/28536/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28536/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Hybrid Compton-PET imaging for ion-range monitoring in hadron the rapy: a performance study with synchrotrons\, iso-cyclotrons and synchro- cyclotrons DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T111500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T113000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28535@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Javier Balibrea Correa (Instituto de física corpusc ular IFIC)\nHadron therapy provides notable advantages compared to traditi onal radiotherapy\, largely because it allows for precise dose delivery at the Bragg peak. The effectiveness of this approach could be further impro ved with the implementation of a near real-time ion-range verification sys tem. Such monitoring would make it possible to minimize safety margins and better exploit the full potential of the treatment by mitigating sources of systematic uncertainty.\nTwo of the most promising methodologies for in -room\, real-time monitoring are positron emission tomography (PET) and pr ompt-gamma imaging (PGI). The PGI technique is particularly well-suited fo r real-time monitoring because of the prompt nature of the emitted radiati on. In contrast\, PET imaging offers tomographic and functional informatio n\, making it valuable for studying physiological processes and tumor resp onse. A PGI-PET hybrid imaging system could help to address some of the li mitations inherent to each technique. This expectation arises from the com plementary strengths of the two techniques: prompt-gamma emission is more suitable for real-time monitoring\, while PET imaging provides tomographic and functional information valuable for studying physiological processes and tumor response.\nIn this contribution I will summarize the status of h ybrid PGI-PET technique explored at three different types of ion-therapy m achines: the large synchrotron at HIT\, the Proteus Plus iso-cyclotron and the Proteus One synchro-cyclotron from IBA. The main experimental results will be presented\, together with a discussion on the present experimenta l limitations and future steps to further develop this promising technique towards the clinical environment.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181 /contributions/28535/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28535/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Live cell spectroscopy analysis for personalised particle radiatio n therapy of metastatic bone cancer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T114500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T120000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28546@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Eva Montbarbon (1. Instituto de Instrumentación par a Imagen Molecular (I3M)\, CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València)\nMe tastatic bone cancer contributes to approximately 2 to 3 million cancer-re lated deaths worldwide annually. Between 5% and 10% of new cancer patients will develop bone metastases. A major challenge in treating this disease is the inability to perform imaging during particle radiation therapy (PRT )\, due to high radiation doses from frequent scans\, patient pain\, and m obility constraints. Consequently\, tumour imaging is typically limited to pre and post treatment assessments—often several months apart\, which hinder timely treatment adjustments and personalized care.\nThe BoneOscopy project\, funded by the European Innovation Council under Horizon Europe\ , seeks to transform metastatic bone cancer treatment by enabling daily\, real time monitoring of tumour regression and calcium content without addi tional radiation exposure\, using a novel prompt-gamma spectroscopy (PGS) approach. The system utilizes specific detectors\, custom nanosecond elect ronics\, and a robotic arm to perform precise spectroscopic measurements f ocused on calcium concentration in the bone tissue\, which is the indicato r of tumour regression and bone health status.\nBoneOscopy’s research in tegrates a broad spectrum of technical and scientific expertise\, as it br ings together skills in bioengineering (DKFZ\, Germany)\, the institute le ader of the project\, molecular imaging and robotics (CSIC\, specifically i3M in Valencia\, Spain)\, high-speed electronics (LIP\, Portugal)\, clini cal PRT experience and Monte Carlo simulation modeling (THM\, Germany)\, m edical device software\, and hardware integration and mechanical design (C osylab\, Slovenia). \nIn its first six months\, the BoneOscopy project has established the clinical contexts in which the detection system must oper ate. Monte Carlo simulations (via Geant4) using proton beams\, modeled fro m the ones delivered in centres like HIT and MIT in Germany\, have allowed the project team to estimate prompt gamma–ray generation under realisti c clinical conditions. In parallel\, simulation work has been carried out to optimize the detector’s crystal design supporting decisions on sensor types\, geometric layout\, and mechanical integration. With this groundwo rk completed\, the project is ready to transition into the implementation phase.\nThe presentation will offer an overview of the BoneOscopy initiati ve\, detailing the clinical environment requirements—including beam para meters\, patient positioning mechanics\, and expected variations in calciu m concentration. It will then present comprehensive results from the simul ation studies achieved with Geant4 focused on prompt-gamma generation and detection. Finally\, it will include an in-depth analysis of critical dete ctor components\, particularly the crystal materials and configurations us ed in the primary detection system.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/818 1/contributions/28546/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28546/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Escáner PET basado en BGO para la verificación de dosis en proto nterapia DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T104500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T110000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28519@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Óscar Pietrzyk (I3M)\nLa terapia con protones es un a forma de radioterapia más precisa\, eficaz y segura que la radioterapia convencional en muchos casos de cáncer. Se trata de una técnica innovad ora que está experimentando un notable crecimiento e interés. Actualment e\, en España existen dos centros de protonterapia en funcionamiento\, y está prevista la instalación de diez nuevos centros en distintas regione s del país en los próximos años.\nEsta terapia permite una deposición muy precisa y concentrada de la dosis en la zona que se trata. No obstante \, la administración de radiación más precisa y concentrada sobre el tu mor puede convertirse en una desventaja si\, por mala posición del pacien te o por el movimiento de los órganos internos\, el haz de protones no se dirige a la masa tumoral afectando las zonas sanas colindantes.\nLa verif icación de la dosis en la terapia con protones administrada al paciente i nmediatamente después de cada sesión juega un papel decisivo en la valid ación del tratamiento\, seguridad del procedimiento y el objetivo clínic o. Actualmente no se aplica ningún método de forma rutinaria en la clín ica para la verificación de dosis. Por ello\, existe la necesidad de desa rrollar técnicas de verificación precisas y aplicables en la práctica c línica.\nPara abordar esta necesidad\, proponemos el desarrollo de un pro totipo PET\, llamado INSPIRE\, dedicado a verificar la dosis administrada tras una terapia con protones en el cerebro del paciente. La propuesta se centra en la detección de $^{18}$F\, uno de los radioisótopos emisores d e positrones que se producen cuando el haz de protones interacciona con el tejido. Esto supone un desafío debido a la baja concentración de $^{18} $F que se genera (~0.1 Bq/ml con 3 Gy). Nuestra propuesta se basa en el us o de detectores PET basado en cristales semi-monolíticos de BGO. El uso d e este material para nuestro diseño se debe a tres razones principales: r educción del coste de fabricación (3 veces menor al del LYSO)\, alta den sidad (más fotones de aniquilación capturados a mismo volumen) y ausenci a de radioactividad natural de Lu-176.\nPresentaremos resultados de medida s de $^{18}$F-FDG a muy baja actividad\, realizadas con un prototipo PET b asado en LYSO (DeepBreast) y con un escáner PET comercial basado en BGO ( GE Omni Legend). Además\, mostraremos los resultados de las primeras simu laciones del equipo completo INSPIRE y de una evaluación experimental de los detectores del equipo.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contrib utions/28519/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28519/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Mitigating Radiodermatitis in Ultra-Hypofractionated Breast Radiot herapy: Objective Assessment of a Dermoprotective Bra by Laser Doppler Ima ging DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T090000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T091500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28542@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Carlos Galindo González (Universidad de Valencia)\n Objective:\nTo evaluate the effect of a dermoprotective bra on the progres sion of acute radiodermatitis induced by radiotherapy\, using as an object ive biomarker a quantitative skin perfusion index obtained by Laser Dopple r imaging.\nMaterials and methods:\nForty-seven patients with breast cance r treated with ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy (total dose 26 Gy deliv ered in five fractions of 5.2 Gy) were included. According to the bra worn during RT\, patients were assigned to two groups: dermoprotective bra\, s eamless and made of viscose/chitin fiber with ionic silver (n = 21)\, and conventional bra (n = 26). Skin toxicity was assessed clinically with the CTCAE scale and objectively by skin perfusion measured with Laser Doppler Imaging.\nThe upper-outer region of the irradiated breast and the contrala teral breast (internal control) were scanned to obtain mean perfusion. A M icrocirculation Index (MCI) was defined as the relative difference in mean perfusion between the treated and contralateral breast. Measurements were performed at four time points: pre-RT\, mid-treatment\, at RT completion and at one month. Receipt of chemotherapy was also recorded.\nStatistical analysis was performed using a general linear model for repeated measures\ , including main effects of time\, bra type and chemotherapy\, and their i nteractions. Post-hoc comparisons were adjusted by the Bonferroni method.\ nResults:\nBy CTCAE scale\, at RT completion 90.5% of the dermoprotective- bra group remained Grade 0 and 9.5% had mild erythema (Grade 1). In the co nventional-bra group\, 65.4% were Grade 0 and 34.6% Grade 1.\nObjective an alysis using the MCI showed significant differences: at the end of RT the conventional-bra group exhibited a significantly higher MCI than the dermo protective-bra group (p = 0.037). At 30 days\, the dermoprotective-bra gro up showed a trend toward lower MCI\, close to statistical significance (p = 0.065)\, suggesting faster microvascular recovery. Analysis of chemother apy effect indicated that\, among patients who did not receive chemotherap y\, those who did not use the dermoprotective bra had a significantly grea ter increase in MCI at RT completion (p = 0.017).\nConclusion:\nUse of the dermoprotective bra during breast radiotherapy reduces the incidence and severity of acute radiodermatitis and moderates the acute increase in skin perfusion at treatment completion (p = 0.037)\, with a tendency to accele rate microvascular recovery at one month (p = 0.065). Furthermore\, it att enuates the adverse vascular effect observed in patients receiving RT alon e (p = 0.017). These findings support the relevance of the dermoprotective bra’s design and composition and warrant consideration of its clinical implementation.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/2854 2/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28542/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Development and Initial Testing of a Silicon-Based Compton Camera Prototype for Radiotracer Imaging DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T091500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T093000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28543@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Luis Barrientos Mauriz ()\nCompton cameras (CCs) are promising imaging devices for nuclear medicine applications\, as they can produce 3D images over a broad range of gamma-ray energies. Their flexibl e geometry suits compact and unconventional imaging setups. High energy re solution also improves background rejection and supports multi-isotope ima ging\, crucial in clinical contexts. Silicon detectors\, due to their supe rior energy resolution are well-suited as scatterers in Compton camera sys tems.\n\nThe IRIS group at IFIC (Valencia)\, after developing several scin tillator-based CCs under the MACACO project\, is now working on a new prot otype using silicon detectors\, with the aim of improving the performance for radionuclides emitting photons with energies below 300 keV such as ¹ ⁷⁷Lu. The system combines a silicon pad detector as the scatterer and a scintillator crystal coupled to a SiPM array as the absorber. This desig n aims to enhance spatial resolution over previous setups\, while preservi ng compactness and high detection efficiency. To evaluate its performance\ , experimental tests at the laboratory have been conducted using a ¹³³B a source\, focusing on the 356 keV gamma-ray line.\n\nThe dimensions of th e silicon detector are 46.4 x 11.6 x 0.5 mm³ and 1 mm x 1 mm pads manufac tured by SINTEF for the MADEIRA project. The second detector of the CC con sists of a Lanthanum (III) Bromide scintillator crystal from Saint Gobain of size 25.8 x 25.8 x 5 mm³ coupled to a SiPM array S13360-3025CS with a pixel size of 3 mm². Data acquisition is handled by two time-synchronized AliVATA readout boards\, each tailored to operate the ASIC for its respec tive detector: the VATA64HDR16 collects charge from the SiPM signals\, whi le the VATAGP7.2 interfaces with the silicon detector\, both developed by IDEAS.\n\nFunctional verification was performed by acquiring data in singl es and coincidence mode using a point-like source of ¹³³Ba with an acti vity of 683 kBq. Energy spectra from both detectors were analyzed\, and co rrelations between energy deposits are being evaluated to identify valid C ompton events. System optimization is ongoing.\n\nTo complement the experi mental work\, Monte Carlo simulations using GATE v8.2 were performed\, rep licating the physical system. Two radionuclides (¹³³Ba and ¹³¹I) wer e studied using a point-like source and a simplified Derenzo-like phantom to assess the spatial resolution. Simulations indicate that the silicon– scintillator configuration achieves superior performance at low energies r elative to earlier MACACO prototypes.\n\nCurrent efforts focus on comprehe nsive characterization of the silicon detector\, expanded simulations for radionuclides emitting photons near 200 keV\, and ongoing imaging experime nts.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28543/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28543/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Imaging therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals in mice using the MACACO III+ Compton camera. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T084500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251028T090000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28537@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Karol Brzezinski (IFIC/CSIC)\nIntroduction\nCompton cameras are a promising tool in radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) treatmen t assessment and dosimetry\, where gamma cameras perform sub-optimally due to the high energies of the emitted photons and low activities. The IRIS group is developing MACACO\, a LaBr3-based Compton camera\, for this appli cation. The prototype MACACO III has been successfully used to visualize I -131 and Ac-225 [1\,2] in phantoms. The latest prototype\, MACACO III+\, w as tested at CIC biomaGUNE using a mouse phantom with several organs fille d with I-131 and live mice injected with [I-131]NaI. The images were compa red with those obtained using a commercial pre-clinical SPECT system. Simu lations of a mouse with a realistic biodistribution of [Ac-225]Ac-DOTA wer e performed to test the viability of using MACACO III+ for imaging Ac-225 in small animals.\n\nMethods\nMACACO III+ features two detector planes\, t he first one composed of a single detector with 25.8 mm x 25.5 mm x 5 mm c rystal size\, and the second plane comprising four such detectors. The sys tem was tested at CIC biomaGUNE with a mouse phantom\, filling different c ombinations of the brain\, heart\, kidney and bladder in 45 minute acquisi tions. Two living mice injected with 1.20 MBq and 2.16 MBq of [I-131]NaI w ere imaged during 30 minutes. The mouse phantom and the living mice were a lso imaged in a γ-CUBE SPECT system from Molecubes for 3 hours in a tomog raphic acquisition. \nSimulations were performed using GATE and a digital 3D mouse phantom containing 25 kBq of Ac-225\, with activity per organ bas ed on data from biodistributions in mice injected with [Ac-225]Ac-DOTA [3] \, including a tumor of realistic size and uptake located in the brain.\n\ nResults/Discussion\nMeasurements of the mouse phantom filled with I-131 r esulted in images comparable to those obtained using the γ-CUBE. When fou r organs were filled\, the brain\, heart\, bladder and individual kidneys were clearly distinguishable. Images of the two live mice acquired using M ACACO III+ are also similar to those obtained with the γ-CUBE\, as can be seen in the attached figure. Here\, I-131 uptake can be clearly identifie d in the thyroid gland as well as in the bladder and stomach. Form the sim ulation studies\, Ac-225 accumulation can be clearly visualized in the tum or and the individual kidneys. \nConclusion\nThe MACACO Compton camera developed by the IRIS group successfully imaged I-131 distributions in a m ouse phantom and living mice for the first time and shows great promise fo r imaging Ac-225\, as shown by realistic simulations. Images of I-131 dist ributions were obtained with lower acquisition times and of similar qualit y compared to those obtained using a commercial pre-clinical SPECT. Future studies will be aimed at imaging other isotopes in live animals\, in part icular Ac-225.\n\nReferences\n[1] J Roser et al. 2024 Phys Medica 132:104 928\n[2] K. Brzezinski et al\, Talk at 2024 IEEE NSS MIC\, Tampa\, USA\, 2 6 Oct - 2 Nov 2024.\n[3] M. Rodak et al. 2022 Mol Cancer Ther. 21(12) 1835 –1845\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28537/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28537/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Hybrid PET-MRI-FUS: Performance Validation\, Trimodal Imaging\, an d 9.4T Positron Range Confinement DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T154500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28520@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Fernando Lopez-Berenguer (Institute for Instrumentat ion in Molecular Imaging)\nHybrid imaging systems integrating Positron Emi ssion Tomography (PET)\, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)\, and Focused Ul trasound (FUS) are increasingly demanded in preclinical and translational research\, yet no trimodal commercial solution currently exists. We have d esigned\, assembled\, and validated a dedicated PET insert based on monoli thic LYSO crystals (33×25.4×8 mm³) with 67 mm of axial FOV\, capable of simultaneous operation with high-field MRI and commercial FUS devices. We evaluated the system inspired on NEMA NU-4 2008 protocol. The PET insert achieved a homogeneous submillimeter resolution (0.9 mm with Depth of Inte raction)\, a sensitivity of 3.8%\, and a Noise Equivalent Count Rate peak of 80 kcps. Image quality metrics yielded recovery coefficients up to 0.89 and spill-over ratios of 11% (air) and 22% (water)\, matching state-of-th e-art preclinical PET scanners.\n\nBeyond performance characterization\, t he PET insert was employed in various trimodal studies. In a proof-of-conc ept phantom experiment\, the PET was combined with a custom low-field MRI and a custom FUS device. Localized sonication was used to heat up the phan tom and melt a gelatin compartment\, allowing the initially confined ¹⁸ F-FDG solution to diffuse into the gel matrix. This redistribution process was successfully monitored in real time by PET-MRI.\n\nSubsequently\, in vivo feasibility was demonstrated in murine brain studies using our PET in sert combined with a 9.4T MRI and a commercial RK-300 FUS system. FUS-indu ced BBB opening was achieved with microbubbles\, while Gd-DOTA (MRI) and ⁶⁴Cu-DOTA (PET) were co-administered. PET-MRI images confirmed co-loca lization of contrast enhancement with sonicated regions\, validating the a bility of the trimodal system to perform concurrent imaging and therapy mo nitoring in vivo.\n\nIn parallel\, we investigated the impact of high magn etic fields on PET resolution through a positron range confinement study. A microDerenzo phantom was sequentially filled with ¹⁸F\, ⁸⁹Zr\, an d ⁶⁸Ga and imaged with the PET insert inside and outside a 9.4T MRI. R esults confirmed that the magnetic field confines positron trajectories pe rpendicular to B₀\, with the most pronounced benefits for high-energy em itters: rods as small as 0.9 mm with ⁸⁹Zr and 1.0 mm with ⁶⁸Ga wer e resolved inside the MRI\, while only the 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm rods were dis tinguished when the PET insert was outside the MRI\, respectively.\n\nThes e results establish the developed PET insert as the first preclinical trim odal PET-MRI-FUS platform\, offering both state-of-the-art PET performance and unique multimodal capabilities. By enabling simultaneous imaging and therapy guidance\, as well as demonstrating positron range confinement at 9.4T\, this system opens new avenues for molecular imaging\, BBB-targeted drug delivery\, and advanced preclinical FUS research.\n\nhttps://indico.i fic.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28520/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28520/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Spatial Resolution Characterization of PET Detectors Using BGO Cry stals and ASIC Readout DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T153000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T154500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28523@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Neus Cucarella (Instituto de Instrumentación para I magen Molecular\, i3M-UPV)\nPET has consolidated as one of the most used a nd important molecular imaging techniques. However\, there is still room f or improvement. Specifically\, boosting the system’s sensitivity will al low dose and/or time acquisition reduction without impacting the reconstru cted image’s quality. BGO detectors have higher density when compared wi th the most used lutetium-based detectors\, which translates into an incre ased sensitivity\,. Moreover\, the BGO crystals produce Cherenkov photons\ , generated much faster than the scintillation ones\, that can be used and positively impact the timing performance of the PET detector. Furthermore \, DOI capability is key in PET\, for correcting parallax errors\, allowin g a uniform spatial resolution across the entire FOV.\nWe propose two BGO PET detectors designs\, both with DOI and timing capabilities. The first i s a semi-monolithic block of 1×8 slab of 3×25×15 mm3 each. All faces of each slab are polished and covered with ESR\, except for the face coupled to the photosensor. The second detector proposed is a BGO crystal with th e so-called pseudo-slabs geometry. This crystal is composed of 1×8 pseudo -slabs of 3×25×15 mm3 each\, covered in BaSO4. Each pseudo-slab consists of 8 pixels of 3×3×15 mm3 with the four lateral faces unpolished and gl ued together. The entrance face of the block has an ESR film. The external dimensions of both crystal blocks is 25.8×25.8×15 mm3 and for all the s tudies these were coupled to a Silicon SiPM matrix. The TOFPET2 ASIC from PETsys Electronics was used as the readout electronics. Experimental data was acquired to study the spatial capabilities of the proposed detectors. \nA uniform measurement was performed and the floodmap for each detector w as generated. The x-monolithic and the y-pixelated direction were estimate d using the RTP2 and CoG algorithms\, respectively.\nThe monolithic spatia l resolution of the semi-monolithic block and the DOI resolution of both c rystals were studied. In each case a NN based on a MLP was used. For the t raining and testing along the monolithic direction\, a slit collimator was moved in 1 mm steps between the detector under study and a single BGO pix el. For the DOI evaluation\, the slit was displaced in 2 mm steps along th e 25.8×15 mm2 face. In all cases the data was split into training\, evalu ation and testing datasets. The testing dataset was used for predicting th e monolithic/DOI positions and the FWHM and MAE of the error profiles are reported. The mean monolithic spatial resolution of the semi-monolithic bl ock was 3.4±1.1 mm. For the pseudo-slabs crystal\, all pixels are well re solved. The mean DOI spatial resolution values was 3.8± 0.9 mm and 4.3±0 .5 mm for the semi-monolithic and pseudo-slabs crystal\, respectively. \nT he results obtained indicate that both crystals are suitable for a clinica l PET system. We are currently working on the timing capabilities for thes e BGO blocks using ASICs.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contribu tions/28523/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28523/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:IMAS: a Total-Body PET system with TOF and DOI capabilities DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T151500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T153000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28525@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Álvaro Anreus (i3M\, grupo DMIL)\nTotal-Body Positr on Emission Tomography (TB-PET) systems have become very popular in the re cent times\, due to their increased sensitivity with respect to Whole-Body (WB) PET systems. This is mainly attributed to their extended axial Field of View (FOV) and\, in a few cases\, the capability of Time of Flight (TO F) information. This combination enables the simultaneous visualization of the biomarker distribution across multiple organs.\nThe DMIL group from i 3M has recently developed and built\, with the collaboration of other rese arch groups and companies\, a new TB-PET scanner\, named IMAS\, already in stalled at Hospital La Fe in Valencia\, \nThe IMAS scanner features five r ings with an inner diameter of 82 cm and an axial length of around 10 cm e ach\, separated by 5 cm gaps between rings. This gives a total axial cover age of 70 cm. The IMAS scanner is based on semi-monolithic scintillator cr ystal with a total of 15\,260 LYSO slabs\, grouped into mini-modules (MM). Each MM contains an array of 1x8 LYSO slabs of 25×3×20 mm3\, wrapped wi th Enhanced Specular Reflector (ESR) and coupled to an array of 8×8 Silic on Photomultipliers (SiPM) from Hamamatsu Photonics\, model S13361-3075AE- 08. Our design also uses novel multiplexed read-out electronics that reduc e the number of signals from N2 to N. The x-(pixelated) coordinates are di rectly inferred from the triggered pixel\, while y-(monolithic) and DOI (z ) coordinates were estimated using two different Multilayer Perceptron’s (MLPs). Images were reconstructed using iterative methods. For the entir e NEMA protocol\, we used the Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization (MLEM) algorithm. We also carried out the first studies with patients. The se images were reconstructed using the Ordered Subset Expectation Maximiza tion (OSEM) algorithm.\nA preliminary experimental evaluation of the IMAS system was performed . A system spatial resolution of 3.37 mm was obtained at the center of the scanner. This value remains almost constant along th e radial direction due to the DOI capabilities of the system. The system h as a peak sensitivity of 7.6% at the center of the scanner. \nA significan t step forward has been accomplished by acquiring the first patient images with the system. Clinically\, image quality of our IMAS system seems to b e superior to the conventional WB-PET/CT.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/eve nt/8181/contributions/28525/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28525/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:PET Image Quality impact with CT Dosage Optimization DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T151500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28528@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Edwing Yair Ulin Briseño (Instituto de Instrumentac ión de imagen Molecular (I3M)\, CSIC-UPV\, Valencia)\nPositron Emission T omography (PET) relies on CT-based attenuation maps for accurate image rec onstruction. The quality of these attenuation maps depends on CT acquisiti on parameters\, particularly tube voltage and current. Higher tube current s improve image quality by reducing noise\, but at the cost of higher radi ation exposure. Conversely\, reducing the current lowers the radiation dos e but introduces more noise\, which may affect PET quantification. Optimiz ing this balance is especially relevant in new long axial field-of-view PE T systems\, where higher sensitivity enables lower CT doses. This study ev aluates how different CT dose levels affect PET image reliability\, using the IMAS Total-Body PET system installed at La Fe Hospital in Valencia.\nT he experimental setup included the IMAS PET system\, a GE Brightspeed CT s canner\, and the NEMA IEC Body Phantom. The IMAS system employs semi-monol ithic crystals\, provides a 71.4 cm axial field of view\, includes time-of -flight capabilities\, and delivers spatial resolution below 4 mm uniforml y across the field of view. CT scans were acquired at 80\, 100\, and 120 k V\, with tube currents ranging from 10 to 120 mA in steps 10\, producing 4 8 CT datasets. PET images were reconstructed with the OSEM algorithm using 20 iterations. Quantitative analysis of the CT images was performed with two regions of interest (ROIs): one covering the phantom background\, excl uding the lung insert\, and one inside the lung insert. The mean and stand ard deviation of voxel values were extracted for each ROI. Additionally\, representative CT dose levels were selected\, and the corresponding PET im ages were evaluated according to the NEMA NU 2-2018 image quality protocol .\nROI analysis of the CT confirmed stable mean attenuation across tube cu rrents and voltages\, even at low doses. Noise increased in the background at low currents\, especially at 80 kV\, while the lung insert remained mo re stable\, indicating that noise propagation affects uniform regions.\nTh e analysis based of the PET images using the NEMA protocol\, compared low\ , mid\, and high CT dose levels. Contrast recovery improved with increasin g sphere diameter\, and was higher for mid and high dose acquisitions\, wh ile low-dose conditions consistently showed lower recovery values. Backgro und variability decreased with sphere size but was always higher in the lo w-dose group than in the mid and high doses. Importantly\, differences bet ween mid and high dose conditions were minimal\, suggesting that intermedi ate CT dose levels are sufficient to ensure robust PET image quality while avoiding unnecessary exposure.\nIn conclusion\, the reliability of PET im ages in the IMAS system remains consistent across most CT dose levels\, wi th mean attenuation preserved even at low doses. Still\, very low currents \, particularly at 80 kV\, increase noise and reduce contrast recovery. NE MA analysis shows that mid-level doses perform similarly to high doses\, o ffering the best balance between safety and diagnostic quality. The study confirms the feasibility of optimized low-dose PET/CT protocols.\n\nhttps: //indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28528/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28528/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Deep Learning-Based Super-Resolution of Cardiac PET Images Guided by Ultrafast Ultrasound DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T144500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T150000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28540@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Eva Zabala Sanz De Galdeano (Complutense University of Madrid\, Spain)\nCardiac Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a powerf ul molecular imaging technique\, but its use is severely limited by poor s patial resolution. This limitation is particularly critical in preclinical studies with rodents\, where small anatomical structures\, high respirato ry and heart rates exacerbate image blurring\, partial volume effects\, an d quantitative errors [1]. These degradations arise from fundamental physi cal factors—positron range (PR)\, finite detector size\, acollinearity\, photon scatter—and are further amplified by physiological cardiac and r espiratory motion [2]. To address this\, we developed a novel deep learnin g-based super-resolution framework that integrates high-resolution ultrafa st ultrasound (UUS) images as a priori anatomical and motion information t o guide cardiac PET resolution recovery. Unlike previous approaches relyin g only on low-resolution PET data\, this method leverages UUS images acqui red simultaneously and co-registered with PET on the hybrid system PETRUS (PET/CT combined with UUS) [3]\, capturing fine structural boundaries and cardiac motion patterns.\nRealistic PET data were generated using 50 digit al mouse phantoms with the MOBY numerical phantom [4] to model diverse ana tomies\, cardiac and respiratory cycles. Physical and instrumental degrad ation factors -such as PR effects (simulated with PENEASY [5])\, point spr ead function (PSF) blurring\, and statistical noise - were applied to FDG activity maps\, using experimentally measured parameters from the PETRUS s canner [6]. In parallel\, corresponding UUS images were simulated for the same anatomical models using MUST simulations [7]. Two U-Net [8] convoluti onal neural networks were trained: one using only PET images\, and another combining PET with co-registered UUS guidance.\nThe UUS-guided model clea rly outperformed the PET-only model\, achieving superior recovery of fine myocardial structures\, higher SUV accuracy\, and enhanced contrast in hig h-uptake regions (Fig.1). When applied to experimental datasets acquired w ith PETRUS\, it produced sharper images with reduced noise and partial vol ume effects. These results show that incorporating anatomical and motion p riors from UUS can overcome intrinsic resolution limits of cardiac PET\, e nabling more reliable quantification in cardiovascular diseases.\n[1] J.J. Vaquero\, P. Kinahan\, Positron Emission Tomography: Current Challenges a nd Opportunities for Technological Advances in Clinical and Preclinical Im aging Systems\, Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 17\, 385 (2015).\n[2] M. Perez-Liv a et al.\, Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging for Super-Resolution Preclinical C ardiac PET\, Mol. Imaging Biol. 22\, 1342 (2020).\n[3] J. Provost et al.\, Simultaneous positron emission tomography and ultrafast ultrasound for hy brid molecular\, anatomical and functional imaging\, Nat. Biomed. Eng. 2\, 85–94 (2018).\n[4] W.P. Segars et al.\, Development of a 4-D digital mo use phantom for molecular imaging research. Mol. Imaging Biol. 6\, 149–1 59 (2004). \n[5] J. Sempau et al.\, A PENELOPE‐based system for the auto mated Monte Carlo simulation of clinacs and voxelized geometries—applica tion to far‐from‐axis fields. Med. Phys.\, 38(11)\, 5887-5895 (2011).\ n[6 ] M. Perez-Liva et al.\, Performance evaluation of the PET component o f a hybrid PET/CT-ultrafast ultrasound imaging instrument\, Phys. Med. Bio l. 63\, 19NT01 (2018). \n[7] D. Garcia\, Make the Most of MUST: An Open-So urce Matlab Ultrasound Toolbox\, IEEE IUS (2021).\n [8] G. Du et al.\, Med ical Image Segmentation Based on U-Net: A Review\, J. Imaging Sci. Technol . 64(2) (2020).\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/2854 0/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28540/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Technological developments and evaluation of the radiosensitizing potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for hadron therapy. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T113000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T114500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28530@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nuria Fuster Martínez (Instituto de Física Corpusc ular\, IFIC (CSIC-UV))\nApproximately half of newly diagnosed cancer patie nts undergo radiotherapy\, most\ncommonly with X-rays. Proton therapy has emerged as an advanced alternative\,\noffering highly localized energy dep osition at the Bragg peak\, which reduces\nirradiation of healthy tissues and associated toxicity. Technological advances have\nenhanced its availab ility in clinical routine\, which has redirected research efforts\ntoward maximizing the therapeutic potential of proton therapy and improving\npati ents’ long-term quality of life.\n\nWithin this framework\, a promising strategy is the combination of proton therapy\nwith radiosensitizers. Amon g them\, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stand out because of\ntheir high atomi c number\, biocompatibility\, low toxicity\, and natural tendency to\naccu mulate in tumors\, which makes them especially attractive for improving\nt herapeutic outcomes. Their use has demonstrated radiation enhancement effe cts in\nboth in vitro and in vivo studies. However\, the underlying mechan isms responsible\nfor the observed increase in effectiveness under proton irradiation remain poorly\nunderstood\, underscoring the need for further research to enable an efficient.\n\nThis work is being conducted by a mult idisciplinary collaboration involving physicists\nfrom the Universidad de Sevilla (US) and the Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC)\,\nbiochemist s from the Universitat de València (UV)\, and biologists from the Centro\ nAndaluz de Biología Molecular y Regenerativa (CABIMER). Irradiations of cell samples\nwere carried out at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (Sev ille\, Spain) using a\nCyclone 18/9 cyclotron (Ion Beam Applications\, IBA \, Belgium)\, which can accelerate\nprotons and deuterons to 18 and 9 MeV\ , respectively. Significant efforts have been\ndevoted to improving experi mental conditions through the development and\nimplementation of new techn ologies\, such as a robotic arm for remote sample\nhandling\, which facili tate data acquisition and enable a greater number of\nirradiations per exp erimental campaign. The study investigates the radiosensitizing\neffects o f 50 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in HeLa cells irradiated with\ nprotons. A comprehensive set of assays\, including clonogenic survival as says and\nimmunofluorescence analyses with Hela cells\, was performed to a ssess cell survival\nand DNA damage response in the presence and absence o f AuNPs. Preliminary\nfindings support the potential of AuNPs as effective radiosensitizers in proton\ntherapy.\n\nhttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8 181/contributions/28530/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28530/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Radiation field characterization of a nuclear reactor as a thermal neutron source for BNCT in-vitro studies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T111500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20251027T113000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260815T015023Z UID:indico-contribution-8181-28531@indico.ific.uv.es DESCRIPTION:Speakers: JOAN FLORS MARTI (i3M (CSIC-UPV))\nBoron Neutron Cap ture Therapy (BNCT) is a neutron-based treatment designed to eliminate tum ors\, mainly head and neck tumors or Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)\, using 1 or 2 sessions\, which is an advantage over conventional therapies that could use more than 20 individual sessions. It is a two-step strategy: fir st\, the administration of a boron-containing compound to selectively enri ch tumor cells with boron-10 nuclei\; and second\, irradiation with therma l neutrons. The aim is to induce reactions between thermal neutrons and bo ron-10 nuclei\, releasing high-LET alpha particles with an average range s horter than the cell size. This feature gives BNCT a highly selective and destructive character\, maximizing the dose contrast between tumor and hea lthy tissue. \n\nThe uptake of boron-rich nanoparticles and the response t o BNCT can be studied in-vitro with cell cultures. This requires access to a source of thermal neutrons at very high flux. In this work\, a nanopart icle-based boron compound was tested through a series of experiments carri ed out at the TRIGA nuclear reactor in Mainz. The objectives focused on th e one hand\, on characterizing the background dose generated by the reacto r. For this purpose\, pre-calibrated radiochromic films (RCF) were used un der different reactor power and irradiation time configurations. In some e xperiments\, parts of the RCF were covered with cadmium or lead to attenua te this background dose. These results allow for estimating the dose absor bed by a cell population exposed to the reactor in the absence of alpha pa rticle production. It is worth noting that this dose originates both from the photon background and from fast\, unmoderated neutrons emitted from th e reactor core. \n\nOn the other hand\, aqueous solutions of the boron-con taining compound were prepared at different concentrations and irradiated under variable power and time conditions in wells of Petri plates. The wel l openings were covered with PADC (CR-39) detectors to register alpha-part icle tracks generated by the interaction between boron-10 nuclei and therm al neutrons. After etching\, holes associated with alpha particles were ob served\, superimposed on a rough background attributed to secondary proton s produced by fast neutrons. These observations qualitatively confirm alph a production. \n\nAs a future perspective\, we plan to use cell lines incu bated with these boron-based nanoparticles to evaluate both the absorbed d ose and the cell survival fraction under nuclear reactor irradiation.\n\nh ttps://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28531/ LOCATION:Jardín Botánico de la Universitat de València URL:https://indico.ific.uv.es/event/8181/contributions/28531/ END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR